Dengue outbreaks in Hawai'i After WWII - A Review of Public Health Response and Scientific Literature.

Abstract

The four serotypes of dengue virus (DENV) cause the most important and common arthropod-borne viral diseases in humans. There have been three major dengue outbreaks in Hawai'i since 1946. The most recent and largest outbreak occurred on Hawai'i Island in 2015-2016. This article reviews the public health response to dengue outbreaks over the period 2001-2016, as well as scientific literature on dengue outbreaks in Hawai'i. As summarized in the assessment by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 2015, Hawaii's response to the dengue outbreak was timely, appropriate, and well-coordinated. All facets of a public health response to the outbreak were adequately addressed, but communications and medical entomologic capacities could be improved. The observations of Aedes aegypti on Hawai'i Island and of its co-localization with confirmed human cases highlight the importance of continuous vector surveillance and entomologic research. In-depth studies on the molecular epidemiology, entomology, and epidemiological investigation would provide new insights into the latest outbreak and into strategies to combat DENV and other arboviruses in the future.