Exploring changes in violence across two waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in Richmond, VA

IF 2.7 2区 心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Aggressive Behavior Pub Date : 2023-06-16 DOI:10.1002/ab.22094
Samuel J. West, Ariel M. Wood, Michel B. Aboutanos, Nicholas D. Thomson
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Abstract

The first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic carried with it an increase in violence in the United States and abroad. The proportion of violence cases involving firearms also increased during this time, yet little research has examined these effects using data from the second wave of COVID infections. Explanations for these documented increases in gun violence put forward by scholars include increased firearm purchases, alcohol consumption, unemployment, and organized crime activity. The current work examined these trends in Richmond, VA. We collected data on patients (N = 1744) presenting with violent injuries from 2018 to 2022 from the emergency department of a Level-1 Trauma Center in Richmond, VA. Data were coded on the basis of whether they presented before the pandemic, during the first wave, or during the second wave. Logistic binomial regressions revealed that the risk of gunshot wounds increased by 32% during the first wave and 44% during the second wave, relative to the pre-COVID period, but that the increase between the first and second wave was not significant. These findings held after controlling for victim age, race, sex, and injury severity. Further analyses revealed that these effects were specific to violent injury, as we found no increase in firearm use among self-injury cases. The heightened violence reported during the COVID-19 pandemic was also observed in Richmond, VA. Gun violence in particular increased over time as other forms of violence (i.e., assaults, stabbings, and self-harm) decreased.

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探索弗吉尼亚州里士满新冠肺炎疫情两波中暴力的变化。
第一波新冠肺炎疫情导致美国国内外暴力事件增加。在此期间,涉及枪支的暴力案件比例也有所增加,但很少有研究使用第二波新冠肺炎感染的数据来检验这些影响。学者们对枪支暴力增加的解释包括枪支购买、饮酒、失业和有组织犯罪活动的增加。目前的工作调查了弗吉尼亚州里士满的这些趋势 = 1744)在2018年至2022年期间,来自弗吉尼亚州里士满一级创伤中心急诊科的暴力伤害患者。数据是根据他们是在疫情之前、第一波疫情期间还是第二波疫情期间出现的进行编码的。Logistic二项回归显示,与新冠疫情前相比,第一波和第二波枪伤风险分别增加了32%和44%,但第一波和第二一波之间的增加并不显著。这些发现是在控制了受害者的年龄、种族、性别和伤害严重程度后得出的。进一步的分析表明,这些影响是暴力伤害特有的,因为我们发现自伤病例中枪支使用没有增加。据报道,新冠肺炎大流行期间,弗吉尼亚州里士满的暴力事件也有所增加。随着其他形式的暴力(即袭击、刺伤和自残)的减少,枪支暴力尤其增加。
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来源期刊
Aggressive Behavior
Aggressive Behavior 医学-行为科学
CiteScore
4.90
自引率
3.40%
发文量
52
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Aggressive Behavior will consider manuscripts in the English language concerning the fields of Animal Behavior, Anthropology, Ethology, Psychiatry, Psychobiology, Psychology, and Sociology which relate to either overt or implied conflict behaviors. Papers concerning mechanisms underlying or influencing behaviors generally regarded as aggressive and the physiological and/or behavioral consequences of being subject to such behaviors will fall within the scope of the journal. Review articles will be considered as well as empirical and theoretical articles. Aggressive Behavior is the official journal of the International Society for Research on Aggression.
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