Association of Chemical Aggregates and Fungal Moieties Affecting Native Environmental Films

IF 6.7 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL ACS Environmental Au Pub Date : 2022-04-14 DOI:10.1021/acsenvironau.2c00004
Jessica L DeYoung,  and , Scott K. Shaw*, 
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Abstract

Fungi are prevalent microorganisms in environmental films. Their impacts on the film chemical environment and morphology remains poorly defined. Here we present microscopic and chemical analyses fungi impacts to environmental films over long- and short-time scales. We report bulk properties of films accumulated for 2 months (February and March 2019) and 12 months to contrast short and longer-term effects. Bright field microscopy results show that fungi and fungal-associated aggregates cover close to 14% of the surface after 12 months and include significant numbers of large (tens to hundreds of μm in diameter) particles aggregated with fungal colonies. Data acquired for films accumulated over shorter times (2 months) suggest mechanisms that contribute to these longer-term effects. This is important because the film’s exposed surface will determine what additional material will accumulate over the ensuing weeks or months. A combination of scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy provides spatially resolved maps of fugal hypha and nearby elements of interest. We also identify a “nutrient pool” associated with the fungal hypha which extend orthogonally to the growth direction to ca. 50 μm distances. We conclude that fungi have both short-term and long-term effects on the chemistry and morphology of environmental film surfaces. In short, the presence (or absence) of fungi will significantly alter the films’ evolution and should be considered when analyzing environmental film impacts on local processes.

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影响本地环境膜的化学聚集体和真菌部分的关联
真菌是环境膜中普遍存在的微生物。它们对薄膜化学环境和形态的影响仍不清楚。在这里,我们提出了微观和化学分析真菌对环境膜的影响在长时间和短时间尺度。我们报告了2个月(2019年2月和3月)和12个月累积的薄膜的大量特性,以对比短期和长期影响。明光显微镜结果显示,真菌和真菌相关聚集体在12个月后覆盖了近14%的表面,其中包括大量与真菌菌落聚集的大颗粒(直径数十至数百μm)。在较短时间内(2个月)积累的电影数据表明了促成这些长期影响的机制。这一点很重要,因为薄膜暴露的表面将决定在接下来的几周或几个月里会积累什么额外的物质。扫描电子显微镜和能量色散x射线光谱学的结合提供了真菌菌丝和感兴趣的附近元素的空间分辨图。我们还发现了一个与真菌菌丝相关的“营养池”,它垂直延伸到生长方向约50 μm的距离。我们认为真菌对环境膜表面的化学和形态有短期和长期的影响。总之,真菌的存在(或不存在)将显著改变膜的演化,在分析环境膜对局部过程的影响时应予以考虑。
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来源期刊
ACS Environmental Au
ACS Environmental Au 环境科学-
CiteScore
7.10
自引率
0.00%
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0
期刊介绍: ACS Environmental Au is an open access journal which publishes experimental research and theoretical results in all aspects of environmental science and technology both pure and applied. Short letters comprehensive articles reviews and perspectives are welcome in the following areas:Alternative EnergyAnthropogenic Impacts on Atmosphere Soil or WaterBiogeochemical CyclingBiomass or Wastes as ResourcesContaminants in Aquatic and Terrestrial EnvironmentsEnvironmental Data ScienceEcotoxicology and Public HealthEnergy and ClimateEnvironmental Modeling Processes and Measurement Methods and TechnologiesEnvironmental Nanotechnology and BiotechnologyGreen ChemistryGreen Manufacturing and EngineeringRisk assessment Regulatory Frameworks and Life-Cycle AssessmentsTreatment and Resource Recovery and Waste Management
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