Efficacy and safety of lemborexant as an alternative drug for patients with insomnia taking gamma-aminobutyric acid–benzodiazepine receptor agonists or suvorexant

Abstract

Background

Although gamma-aminobutyric acid–benzodiazepine (GABA-BZ) receptor agonists are used to treat insomnia, their long-term or high-dosage use causes adverse events. Nevertheless, evidence regarding the discontinuation and replacement of GABA-BZ receptor agonists with alternative agents is lacking. Suvorexant (SUX), an existing orexin receptor antagonist, is effective in preventing nocturnal awakening in 70%–75% of patients with insomnia.

Methods

The novel dual orexin receptor antagonist lemborexant (LEM) has fewer adverse effects than GABA-BZ receptor agonists. Therefore, in this retrospective study, we categorised patients taking GABA-BZ receptor agonists and SUX into LEM-treated (switched) and non-treated (non-switched) groups and compared their outcomes over a 12-week period.

Results

The GABA-BZ group (N = 59) comprised 34 ‘switched’ and 25 ‘non-switched’ and the SUX group (N = 14) comprised 6 ‘switched’ and 8 ‘non-switched’ patients. A mixed model showed a significant diazepam equivalence reduction in patients taking GABA-BZ receptor agonists and improved Athens Insomnia Scale score in those taking SUX. The safety and tolerability of GABA-BZ receptor agonists and SUX were high, and no serious adverse effects were observed after switching to LEM.

Conclusions

Lemborexant may be a useful alternative for long-term GABA-BZ receptor agonist users. For SUX, the number of cases (N = 6) was insufficient to draw definite conclusions.