Postoperative complications and predictors of mortality in patients with COVID-19.

Abstract

Background: There are limited data about the perioperative outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients that needed emergency general surgery. The aim of the present study was to describe the perioperative outcomes and mortality of patients with COVID-19 who underwent emergency surgery.

Materials and methods: Retrospective study of COVID-19 patients symptomatic versus asymptomatic from March 2020 to February 2022 that needed an emergency surgery in a national referral hospital.

Results: Forty-four patients were included in this study. Patients with symptomatic COVID-19 have higher ICU admissions and prolonged length of stay (LOS) as compared with asymptomatic COVID-19 patients. The 90-day survival probability of the entire cohort was 70.1% (60.3-79.9) and was significantly lower in patients with COVID-19 symptomatic 63.4% (50.5-76.2). The cut-off preoperative values for the prediction of mortality: Ferritin ≥ 438.5 ng/mL (Area under the curve [AUC] = 0.908), C-reactive protein (CRP) ≥ 12.5 mg/dL (AUC = 0.715), leukocyte ≥ 13.8 × 10³/mL (AUC = 0.706), and albumin ≤ 2.78 g/dL (AUC = 704). Furthermore, a cut-off value of CRP of ≥ 12.5 mg/dL yielded an accuracy of 82.9% for the prediction of postoperative complications (p < 0.001).

Conclusion: Patients with symptomatic COVID-19 who needed emergency surgery have higher ICU admissions, prolonged LOS, and decreased 90-day survival as compared with asymptomatic COVID-19 patients. Preoperative ferritin, CRP, leukocytes, and albumin could be used as predictors of mortality.