Nursing Home Residence, Overweight and Cognitive Status are Related to Falls in Older Adults: A Cross-sectional Study.

Q3 Medicine Current aging science Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI:10.2174/1874609815666221007105647

Oliveira A C P, Lopes P B, Lara J P R, Moreira N B, Pereira G P, Rodacki A L F

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Abstract

Background: Nursing home residents are likely to differ from community older adults when their gait parameters are compared, as nursing home residents present more falls.

Aim: The study aim was to identify the main fall (occurrence predictors) (anthropometrics, functional and gait-related parameters) between older adults living in community and nursing homes during self-selected (SSWS) and fast walking speeds (FWS).

Methods: A hundred and sixty-five older adults were selected from the community (n = 92) and nursing home (n = 73) with and without fall history. They were assessed for fall history, functionality, cognitive status, and several gait parameters in SSWS and FWS conditions.

Results: Fallers differed from non-fallers in the SSWS, while such differences were not evidenced during the FWS. Cadence and stride width did not differ when living backgrounds were compared. Nursing home residents walked slower than their non-institutionalized peers, regardless of fall history or walking speed. Besides, binary logistic regression analysis showed that living in a nursing home, age, body mass index (BMI), mini-mental state examination (MMSE), and step width were related to falls in the SSWS. On the other hand, living in a nursing home, having a larger BMI and having low MMSE scores were fall predictors in the FWS.

Conclusion: Fall occurrence can be identified by factors related to living in nursing homes, cognitive status, BMI, and gait parameters, at the SSWS. Cognitive status and BMI are related to falls in the FWS for those living in nursing homes.

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养老院居住、超重和认知状况与老年人跌倒有关:一项横断面研究。

背景:当步态参数比较时，养老院居民可能与社区老年人不同，因为养老院居民出现更多的跌倒。目的:研究目的是确定社区和养老院老年人在自选步行(SSWS)和快速步行(FWS)期间的主要跌倒(发生预测因素)(人体测量学、功能和步态相关参数)。方法:从社区(n = 92)和养老院(n = 73)中选取165名有或无跌倒史的老年人。评估他们在SSWS和FWS条件下的跌倒史、功能、认知状态和几个步态参数。结果:在SSWS中，跌倒者与非跌倒者存在差异，而在FWS中，这种差异未被证实。当生活背景比较时，节奏和步幅没有差异。无论跌倒史或步行速度如何，养老院的居民比非机构的同龄人走得慢。此外，二元logistic回归分析显示，养老院居住、年龄、体重指数(BMI)、最小精神状态检查(MMSE)和步宽与SSWS跌倒有关。另一方面，生活在养老院，拥有较大的BMI和较低的MMSE分数是FWS中跌倒的预测因子。结论:在SSWS中，跌倒的发生可以通过与养老院生活、认知状况、BMI和步态参数相关的因素来识别。认知状态和身体质量指数与生活在养老院的人的FWS下降有关。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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