Current aging science最新文献

Introduction: Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by both motor and non-motor symptoms, primarily due to the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. This review aims to explore the therapeutic landscape of PD, focusing on dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic treatment strategies, as well as recent advancements and future directions in managing the disease.

Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, and Scopus, covering studies published up to 2025. The review focused on epidemiological trends, pathophysiological mechanisms, diagnostic approaches, and pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies related to PD.

Results: PD affects approximately 1-2% of individuals over 60 years of age, with its prevalence expected to rise globally. Motor symptoms such as bradykinesia, rigidity, and tremor are wellrecognized, but non-motor symptoms remain underdiagnosed. Dopaminergic therapies, including levodopa and dopamine agonists, are effective in symptom management but are associated with long-term complications. Non-dopaminergic approaches, such as MAO-B inhibitors, amantadine, anticholinergics, and deep brain stimulation, offer additional symptom control. Emerging strategies include gene therapy, immunotherapy, and neuroprotective agents targeting disease modification.

Discussion: While current treatments provide symptomatic relief, they do not halt disease progression. A multidimensional therapeutic approach combining dopaminergic and nondopaminergic strategies is necessary. Advances in molecular genetics and biomarker discovery hold promise for early diagnosis and personalized treatment. However, the need for more targeted, disease-modifying therapies remains a major challenge.

Conclusion: This review underscores the importance of integrating traditional and emerging therapies for comprehensive PD management. Future research should focus on genetic insights, early detection, and innovative therapeutics to improve patient outcomes and quality of life.

Dementia has been highlighted as one of the key diagnoses among elderly people. This study seeks to review the management of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia in Sub-Saharan Africa. A comprehensive review was carried out with the aid of online research journal websites as well as other in-context articles. While conducting this study, the keywords in the search query were directed towards managing behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia in Sub-Saharan Africa. Areas noted in relation to this study were understanding the effects on management of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia in Sub-Saharan Africa. It was discovered that 88% of the population of Ghana and 90% of the population of South Africa do not have an idea about dementia. Health professionals in sub-Saharan Africa are not provided with the knowledge they need to take care of dementia patients. There is a high prevalence rate of dementia in Africa, with a probability of having over 200% rate in dementia due to the rise of the older generation. There is a need to address the education of dementia before the management of the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia can be curbed. Until that is that Africa will constantly be in a cycle of being at the verge of breakthrough in addressing the management of dementia and coming back to the root cause, which is health education.

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive neuromodulatory technique that is increasingly being investigated for its therapeutic potential in cognitive impairment associated with dementia and Alzheimer's disease. This narrative review synthesizes and critically appraises the current evidence surrounding rTMS, with particular focus on clinical efficacy, neurobiological mechanisms, and emerging innovations. High-frequency stimulation over the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (DLPFC) has consistently demonstrated improvements in memory, executive function, and attention, likely mediated by enhanced synaptic plasticity, increased neurotrophic factor expression, and modulation of large-scale brain networks, such as the default mode and fronto-parietal networks. Recent high-quality studies have built upon earlier research to highlight the comparative efficacy of target-specific stimulation, including precuneus- and parietal-based protocols, as well as multi- site strategies that engage language and associative regions. It also examines the use of TMSEEG and DMN connectivity as predictors of treatment response, supporting a shift toward personalized, biomarker-guided rTMS paradigms. Moreover, the synergistic potential of combining rTMS with cognitive training and pharmacotherapy is explored as a promising avenue for multimodal treatment. While preliminary results are encouraging, heterogeneity in study design and stimulation parameters continues to limit the generalizability of the findings. Standardization of protocols, longterm efficacy validation, and large-scale clinical trials remain critical to translating rTMS into routine dementia care.

Background: Hypertonic Dehydration (HD) is the term used for the loss of bodily water in older adults and is linked to a number of morbidities, such as urolithiasis, ischemic stroke, urinary tract infections, venous thromboembolism, morbidity, and death.

Objective: This study aimed to develop and validate a new calculated serum osmolality equation for older adults and to compare its accuracy with five previously published equations.

Methods: This was a prospective diagnosis accuracy study conducted between September 1, 2019, and August 31, 2020, including older adults aged 60 years and above living in Bangkok, Thailand. We measured serum osmolarity by automatic osmometer using the freezing point depression method. For the training group, we developed a new calculated serum osmolality equation from blood glucose, Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), and serum electrolytes. In the validation group, we validated the accuracy of the calculated serum osmolarity equation (index test) compared to the measured serum osmolality (reference standard test). We evaluated the agreement between the reference standard test and index test with the Bland-Altman method and concordance correlation coefficient. We determined the mean difference, accuracy, and precision between the index test and five previously published equations with reference standard test.

Results: We included 586 participants in this study (410 in the training group and 176 in the validation group). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed a significant association among blood glucose, sodium, BUN, and serum osmole. Our new equation corresponded to osmolality estimate = 1.3x(Na+ + BUN) + 0.9xglucose + 86 mOsm/kg. We used the dataset from 176 participants and calculated the mean difference for the index test and compared it with five previously published equations. The index test exhibited a mean difference of -0.5 (95% CI; -1.2-0.2) mOsm/kg, which was similar to that of the previous eq. 2 and eq. 3. and had great accuracy (0.98) and good precision (0.76), while equation 3 exhibited the highest accuracy (0.99) and precision (0.77). Additionally, the new equation's Area Under the Receiving Operating Characteristics (AUROC) curve was 0.87 (95% CI 0.80-0.94), indicating a very good ability to forecast HD (serum osmolality > 300 mOsm/kg as the gold standard). The AUROC curve of the index test did not differ from that of the others.

Conclusion: In this work, we have developed a new serum osmolality equation able to predict hypertonic dehydration in Thai community-dwelling older adults aged 60 years and above, but not in general. An external validation study should be conducted.

The search for novel neuroprotective and antioxidant agents is crucial in combating neurodegenerative diseases and oxidative stress-related disorders. This study explores the neuroprotective and antioxidant properties of Arthrospira (commonly known as Spirulina), a cyanobacterium renowned for its rich nutritional profile and potential health benefits. Arthrospira has gained attention for its high content of bioactive compounds, including phycocyanin, carotenoids, and essential fatty acids, 60% protein, 8% fats, 15-25% Carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins, and pigments which are thought to contribute to its therapeutic and nutritional effects. In this research, Arthrospira was evaluated for its neuroprotective and antioxidant capabilities through a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments. The study utilized cell-based assays to assess the ability of Arthrospira extracts to protect neuronal cells from oxidative damage induced by various stressors, including hydrogen peroxide and glutamate. Additionally, the study employed animal models to further investigate the effects of Arthrospira on cognitive function and oxidative stress in vivo. The findings revealed that Arthrospira extracts exhibited significant antioxidant activity, as demonstrated by their ability to neutralize free radicals and reduce oxidative stress markers in neuronal cells. In vitro assays showed that Arthrospira enhanced cellular viability and reduced markers of oxidative damage, such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). These results suggest that Arthrospira possesses potent antioxidant properties that can mitigate oxidative stress and protect neuronal cells. In vivo studies using rodent models further confirmed the neuroprotective effects of Arthrospira. Animals supplemented with Arthrospira showed improved cognitive performance in behavioral tests, including memory and learning tasks. Additionally, histological analysis revealed a reduction in neuroinflammation and neuronal damage in the brains of Arthrospira-treated animals. Biochemical assays supported these findings, indicating a decrease in oxidative stress markers and an increase in endogenous antioxidant enzyme activities.

This review explores the intricate relationship between FOXO3a and cellular senescence in cancer, highlighting its complex and context-dependent function. FOXO3a, a transcription factor commonly known as a tumor suppressor, exhibits paradoxical roles in cancer biology. This review describes FOXO3a's dual functions in promoting tumor suppression and progression, its interplay with senescence pathways, and its impact on cancer cell phenotypes. Senescence is also known to be a tumor suppressor and a barrier against malignancies. However, persistent senescence has been found to create an adverse effect due to cancer progression and therapeutic endeavors. The review also discusses the potential of senescence management and FOXO3a modulation as novel therapeutic strategies in cancer treatment. Recent advancements in proteomics research, including FOXO3a's interactions with microRNAs, post-translational modifications, and protein-protein interactions, are also elaborated. This paper concludes by emphasizing the need to understand the role of FOXO3a in cancer biology and its potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target.

A new generation of hybrid cosmetics has come into existence, providing an efficient means to achieve both skincare and aesthetic objectives with only one product. These cosmetics incorporate ingredients from natural and synthetic sources, making use of cutting-edge technologies to improve efficacy, sustainability, and customer pleasure. This review paper will focus on the effects of hybrid cosmetics on different types of skin cells, the technologies employed, and the role of ingredients like botanical extracts, marine-based active ingredients, and synthetic compounds in the cosmetic formulations, in order to provide improved skincare benefits. Various technologies like nanotechnology, encapsulation technique, transdermal patches, electroporation, and iontophoresis are analyzed for their role in enhancing efficacy and sustainability. Hybrid cosmetics containing natural ingredients of marine origin, like Laminaria japonica and Pseudopterogorgia elisabethae, as well as botanical extracts like Resveratrol, provide safe, ecofriendly, and sustainable cosmetics, whereas synthetically derived compounds that are used in the cosmetic industry, like Hyaluronic acid and Niacinamide, provide quick action and targeted delivery. The findings of this review suggest novel dual approaches for developing a range of hybrid products to meet the increasing needs of consumers, as well as techniques for improving stability and efficacy. Using natural ingredients aligns with the growing trend toward sustainability in cosmetics. Synthetic ingredients have been developed for precise delivery, rapid action, and affordability. However, by implementing appropriate strategies for technology and ingredient selection, consumers' demands for effective products can be met.

Huntington's disease (HD) is a severe neurodegenerative disorder caused by an expanded CAG repeat in the huntingtin gene, leading to the production of a mutant huntingtin protein. This mutation results in progressive motor, cognitive, and psychiatric impairments, alongside significant neuronal loss. Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of HD, contributing to disease progression and neuronal death. This article aims to evaluate small molecule-based therapeutic strategies designed to enhance mitochondrial function as a potential approach to alleviate symptoms and slow the progression of HD and related neurodegenerative disorders. A comprehensive review of recent literature is conducted to identify small molecules targeting mitochondrial dysfunction from Google Scholar, Pub- Med/Medline/PMC, ScienceDirect, Elsevier, Google Patents, and Clinicaltrials.gov.in, among others. The analysis focuses on their mechanisms of action, including reducing oxidative stress, enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis, and improving mitochondrial dynamics and function. The review identifies several promising small molecules capable of targeting mitochondrial dysfunction. These agents demonstrate potential in preclinical studies to alleviate HD symptoms and modify disease progression by addressing key aspects of mitochondrial health. Small molecule therapies targeting mitochondrial dysfunction offer considerable promise for treating HD. However, further research is required to optimize these therapies for clinical use and to evaluate their long-term impact on disease progression to fully establish their therapeutic efficacy.

Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), represent major healthcare challenges worldwide. Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment, these conditions remain incurable, and there is a need for more effective management strategies. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare has emerged as a promising solution, offering new approaches to diagnosis, personalized treatment, and patient care. This paper explores the potential of AI to revolutionize the management of neurodegenerative diseases, with a focus on its synergistic role in pharmacy. By leveraging AI in drug discovery, personalized treatment plans, and clinical decision-making, AI can enhance therapeutic outcomes and improve patient quality of life. The study reviews the current landscape of AI applications in neurodegenerative disease management, with a focus on pharmacy-related interventions. The review includes AI-driven approaches in genomics, biomarkers, drug repurposing, and clinical trials. It also examines AI's role in optimizing pharmaceutical care, improving medication adherence, and tailoring treatments based on individual genetic profiles. AI has demonstrated its capability to analyze vast datasets, from genetic information to clinical records, to identify novel drug targets and predict patient responses to specific therapies. The use of AI in precision medicine has enabled more accurate diagnosis and has facilitated the development of personalized treatments for neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, AI tools are enhancing medication management by providing personalized therapy adjustments and improving adherence. AI offers transformative potential for the future of neurodegenerative disease management. Its integration into pharmacy practice promises more effective, individualized treatments, accelerating drug discovery, and optimizing patient care. As AI technologies continue to advance, their role in managing complex neurological disorders will become increasingly vital.