Chronic Effects of the Sympathetic Nervous System in Inflammatory Models.

IF 2.2 4区 医学 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Neuroimmunomodulation Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-18 DOI:10.1159/000530969
Georg Pongratz, Rainer H Straub
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Abstract

The immune system is embedded in a network of regulatory systems to keep homeostasis in case of an immunologic challenge. Neuroendocrine immunologic research has revealed several aspects of these interactions over the past decades, e.g., between the autonomic nervous system and the immune system. This review will focus on evidence revealing the role of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) in chronic inflammation, like colitis, multiple sclerosis, systemic sclerosis, lupus erythematodes, and arthritis with a focus on animal models supported by human data. A theory of the contribution of the SNS in chronic inflammation will be presented that spans these disease entities. One major finding is the biphasic nature of the sympathetic contribution to inflammation, with proinflammatory effects until the point of disease outbreak and mainly anti-inflammatory influence thereafter. Since sympathetic nerve fibers are lost from sites of inflammation during inflammation, local cells and immune cells achieve the capability to endogenously produce catecholamines to fine-tune the inflammatory response independent of brain control. On a systemic level, it has been shown across models that the SNS is activated in inflammation as opposed to the parasympathetic nervous system. Permanent overactivity of the SNS contributes to many of the known disease sequelae. One goal of neuroendocrine immune research is defining new therapeutic targets. In this respect, it will be discussed that at least in arthritis, it might be beneficial to support β-adrenergic and inhibit α-adrenergic activity besides restoring autonomic balance. Overall, in the clinical setting, we now need controlled interventional studies to successfully translate the theoretical knowledge into benefits for patients.

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交感神经系统对炎症模型的慢性影响
免疫系统被嵌入一个调节系统网络中,以在面临免疫挑战时保持平衡。过去几十年来,神经内分泌免疫学研究揭示了这些相互作用的多个方面,例如自律神经系统与免疫系统之间的相互作用。本综述将侧重于揭示交感神经系统(SNS)在慢性炎症(如结肠炎、多发性硬化症、系统性硬化症、红斑狼疮和关节炎)中所起作用的证据,重点是有人类数据支持的动物模型。届时将介绍 SNS 在慢性炎症中的作用理论,该理论横跨这些疾病实体。一个主要发现是交感神经对炎症的作用具有双相性,在疾病爆发前具有促炎作用,而在疾病爆发后则主要具有抗炎作用。由于交感神经纤维在炎症期间会从炎症部位消失,因此局部细胞和免疫细胞能够内源性地产生儿茶酚胺,对炎症反应进行微调,而不受大脑控制。在全身层面上,各种模型都表明,与副交感神经系统相比,自律神经系统在炎症中被激活。自律神经系统长期过度活跃会导致许多已知的疾病后遗症。神经内分泌免疫研究的目标之一是确定新的治疗目标。在这方面,将讨论至少在关节炎中,除了恢复自律神经平衡外,支持β肾上腺素能和抑制α肾上腺素能活动可能是有益的。总之,在临床环境中,我们现在需要进行对照干预研究,以便成功地将理论知识转化为对患者的益处。
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来源期刊
Neuroimmunomodulation
Neuroimmunomodulation 医学-免疫学
CiteScore
3.60
自引率
4.20%
发文量
35
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: The rapidly expanding area of research known as neuroimmunomodulation explores the way in which the nervous system interacts with the immune system via neural, hormonal, and paracrine actions. Encompassing both basic and clinical research, ''Neuroimmunomodulation'' reports on all aspects of these interactions. Basic investigations consider all neural and humoral networks from molecular genetics through cell regulation to integrative systems of the body. The journal also aims to clarify the basic mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of the CNS pathology in AIDS patients and in various neurodegenerative diseases. Although primarily devoted to research articles, timely reviews are published on a regular basis.
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