Sleep disruption, use of sleep-promoting medication and circadian desynchronization in spaceflight crewmembers: Evidence in low-Earth orbit and concerns for future deep-space exploration missions

Q1 Medicine Sleep Medicine: X Pub Date : 2023-07-07 DOI:10.1016/j.sleepx.2023.100080
Manuel Albornoz-Miranda , Diego Parrao , Maximiliano Taverne
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Introduction

The spaceflight environment presents unique demands on human physiology; among those demands, is sleep. Sleep loss and circadian desynchronization is a major concern for future deep-space exploration plans, including long-term crewed missions to the Moon and Mars.

Aims

Analyze evidence of sleep disruption in crewmembers during low-Earth orbit missions, identify the use of sleep-promoting medication among crewmembers and deepen the comprehension of challenges to sleep physiology for future missions to the Moon and Mars.

Results

Evidence consistently indicates a loss of sleep and circadian rhythm disruption during low-Earth orbit missions. Sleep duration is shortened especially the night before a critical operation and during circadian-misaligned sleep episodes. The prevalence of sleep-promoting medication ranges between 71% and 78%; medication is more frequently taken on circadian-misaligned sleep episodes. Regarding the Moon, Apollo astronauts had variable sleep duration. For some, sleep was restful while others had poor-quality sleep. Many reported fatigue and errors due to the lack of rest. A loss of the 24-h light/dark might be expected due to the Moon's complex illumination characteristics. Regarding Mars, one main challenge will consist in synchronizing the circadian clock to a Martian day (24.65 h).

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太空飞行机组人员的睡眠中断、促进睡眠药物的使用和昼夜节律不同步:近地轨道证据和对未来深空探索任务的关注
航天环境对人体生理提出了独特的要求;睡眠就是这些需求之一。睡眠不足和昼夜节律不同步是未来深空探索计划的主要问题,包括长期载人登月和火星任务,确定机组人员使用促进睡眠药物的情况,并加深对未来月球和火星任务睡眠生理学挑战的理解。结果证据一致表明,在近地轨道任务中,睡眠不足和昼夜节律紊乱。睡眠时间缩短,尤其是在关键手术的前一天晚上和昼夜节律失调的睡眠期。促进睡眠药物的流行率在71%到78%之间;药物更频繁地用于昼夜节律失调的睡眠发作。关于月球,阿波罗宇航员的睡眠时间各不相同。对一些人来说,睡眠很好,而另一些人的睡眠质量很差。许多人报告说,由于缺乏休息,他们出现了疲劳和失误。由于月球复杂的照明特性,预计24小时的光照/黑暗会减少。关于火星,一个主要挑战是将昼夜节律时钟与火星日(24.65小时)同步。
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来源期刊
Sleep Medicine: X
Sleep Medicine: X Medicine-Medicine (all)
CiteScore
4.00
自引率
0.00%
发文量
17
审稿时长
25 weeks
期刊最新文献
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