{"title":"Bone Health in the Transgender and Gender Diverse Youth Population.","authors":"Janet Y Lee","doi":"10.1007/s11914-023-00799-2","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>The purpose of this review is to summarize the scientific evidence on bone health in transgender and gender diverse (TGD) youth.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Gender-affirming medical therapies may be introduced during a key window of skeletal development in TGD adolescents. Before treatment, low bone density for age is more prevalent than expected in TGD youth. Bone mineral density Z-scores decrease with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists and differentially respond to subsequent estradiol or testosterone. Risk factors for low bone density in this population include low body mass index, low physical activity, male sex designated at birth, and vitamin D deficiency. Peak bone mass attainment and implications for future fracture risk are not yet known. TGD youth have higher than expected rates of low bone density prior to initiation of gender-affirming medical therapy. More studies are needed to understand the skeletal trajectories of TGD youth receiving medical interventions during puberty.</p>","PeriodicalId":11080,"journal":{"name":"Current Osteoporosis Reports","volume":"21 4","pages":"459-471"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2000,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10393833/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Current Osteoporosis Reports","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11914-023-00799-2","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2023/7/3 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Purpose of review: The purpose of this review is to summarize the scientific evidence on bone health in transgender and gender diverse (TGD) youth.
Recent findings: Gender-affirming medical therapies may be introduced during a key window of skeletal development in TGD adolescents. Before treatment, low bone density for age is more prevalent than expected in TGD youth. Bone mineral density Z-scores decrease with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists and differentially respond to subsequent estradiol or testosterone. Risk factors for low bone density in this population include low body mass index, low physical activity, male sex designated at birth, and vitamin D deficiency. Peak bone mass attainment and implications for future fracture risk are not yet known. TGD youth have higher than expected rates of low bone density prior to initiation of gender-affirming medical therapy. More studies are needed to understand the skeletal trajectories of TGD youth receiving medical interventions during puberty.
综述目的：本综述旨在总结有关变性和性别多元化（TGD）青少年骨骼健康的科学证据：在变性和性别多元化青少年骨骼发育的关键时期，可能会引入性别确认医疗疗法。在接受治疗之前，TGD 青少年的骨密度比预期的要低。使用促性腺激素释放激素激动剂后，骨密度 Z 值会下降，而且对随后的雌二醇或睾酮的反应也不同。该人群骨密度低的风险因素包括体重指数低、运动量少、出生时性别为男性以及维生素 D 缺乏。目前尚不清楚骨量峰值以及对未来骨折风险的影响。在开始接受性别确认医疗治疗之前，TGD 青少年的低骨密度率高于预期。需要进行更多的研究，以了解在青春期接受医疗干预的 TGD 青少年的骨骼发育轨迹。
期刊介绍：
This journal intends to provide clear, insightful, balanced contributions by international experts that review the most important, recently published clinical findings related to the diagnosis, treatment, management, and prevention of osteoporosis.
We accomplish this aim by appointing international authorities to serve as Section Editors in key subject areas, such as current and future therapeutics, epidemiology and pathophysiology, and evaluation and management. Section Editors, in turn, select topics for which leading experts contribute comprehensive review articles that emphasize new developments and recently published papers of major importance, highlighted by annotated reference lists. An international Editorial Board reviews the annual table of contents, suggests articles of special interest to their country/region, and ensures that topics are current and include emerging research. Commentaries from well-known figures in the field are also provided.
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