Prevalence of Anemia and Associated Risk Factors among Pregnant Women in Semarang, Indonesia, during COVID-19 Pandemic.

IF 1.5 Q3 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI:10.4314/ejhs.v33i3.8
Ani Margawati, Ahmad Syauqy, Aras Utami, Dea Amarilisa Adespin
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Abstract

Background: The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused several changes that affect overall health, including the prevalence of anemia in pregnant women. Several risk factors, including iron deficiency during pregnancy, diabetes, maternal smoking, preterm birth, low birth weight, and multiple pregnancies, can influence poor iron intake in infants. This study aims to analyze the prevalence and factors associated with anemia in pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 238 pregnant women from two districts in Semarang, Indonesia. The study population was selected using a cluster sampling technique. Trained enumerators collected data through interviews using the Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ) to estimate participants' food intake and anthropometric measurements. Additionally, hemoglobin levels were measured by trained nurses during antenatal care (ANC) visits. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using logistic regression to estimate the factors associated with anemia in pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results: Among all participants, 14.3% (n=34) were anemic, with 32.3% and 67.6% having moderate and mild anemia, respectively. Moreover, study variables such as less compliance with ANC (antenatal care) guidelines (p = 0.020), excessive phosphorus intake (p = 0.039), inadequate zinc intake (p = 0.003), and inadequate calcium intake (p = 0.043) were associated with anemia among pregnant women.

Conclusion: Anemia among pregnant women in Semarang, Indonesia, is a mild public health problem. Less compliance with ANC guidelines, excessive phosphorus intake, and inadequate zinc intake are significantly associated with anemia among pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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COVID-19大流行期间印度尼西亚三宝垄孕妇贫血患病率及相关危险因素
背景:2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)大流行造成了一些影响整体健康的变化,包括孕妇贫血的患病率。一些危险因素,包括孕期缺铁、糖尿病、母亲吸烟、早产、低出生体重和多胎妊娠,都可能影响婴儿铁摄入量不足。本研究旨在分析COVID-19大流行期间孕妇贫血的患病率及其相关因素。方法:对来自印度尼西亚三宝垄两个地区的238名孕妇进行横断面研究。使用整群抽样技术选择研究人群。训练有素的计数员通过访谈收集数据,使用半定量食物频率问卷(sqq - ffq)来估计参与者的食物摄入量和人体测量值。此外,血红蛋白水平由训练有素的护士在产前护理(ANC)访问期间测量。采用logistic回归进行单因素和多因素分析,以估计COVID-19大流行期间孕妇贫血的相关因素。结果:在所有参与者中,14.3% (n=34)为贫血,其中32.3%和67.6%分别为中度和轻度贫血。此外,研究变量如不遵守产前保健指南(p = 0.020)、磷摄入过量(p = 0.039)、锌摄入不足(p = 0.003)和钙摄入不足(p = 0.043)与孕妇贫血有关。结论:印度尼西亚三宝垄孕妇贫血是一个轻微的公共卫生问题。在COVID-19大流行期间,孕妇贫血与不遵守ANC指南、摄入过多磷和摄入不足锌显著相关。
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来源期刊
Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences
Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES-
CiteScore
2.10
自引率
8.30%
发文量
137
审稿时长
12 weeks
期刊介绍: Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences is a general health science journal addressing clinical medicine, public health and biomedical sciences. Rarely, it covers veterinary medicine
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