The cystic dilatation of the lower part of the ureter is known as ureterocoele which has been associated with other anomalies such as stenotic ureteric orifice, duplicated urinary system, and hydronephrosis along with or without other clinical sequelae. Notably, the accurate and prompt diagnosis is challenging due to non-specific symptoms that could mimic other urogenital systems diseases. Imaging evaluation is the gold standard of accurate diagnosis and comprehensive clinical examination.The possible complications associated with ureterocoele include urinary tract obstruction, reflux, continence, and renal function derangements. Thus, we present a 23-year-old male patient, who presented to the general outpatient clinic of the Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, in September 2018 with a complaint of right-sidedabdominal pain and hot sensation, intermittent haematuria, and pain during micturition of one-year duration. He was evaluated with ultrasonography that showed moderate right hydronephrosis with a large curvilinear calculus adjacent to the dilated ureteric end, and intravenous urography revealed a dilated right distal ureteric end with a peripheral halo, giving the cobra head the appearance of ureterocoele.The patient underwent open cystolithotomy with marsupialization of the distal end of the right ureter. He showed remarkable post-operative improvement and was discharged after two weeks. Two months of post-operative follow-up was uneventful.
{"title":"Ureterocoele Complicated By Cystolithiasis in a 23-Year-Old: A Case Report","authors":"Obirija Samson Emeka, Rasheed Mumini Wemimo, LatifatTunrayo Oduola-Owoo, Okonkwo Juliet Ebele","doi":"10.4314/ejhs.v34i3.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ejhs.v34i3.11","url":null,"abstract":"The cystic dilatation of the lower part of the ureter is known as ureterocoele which has been associated with other anomalies such as stenotic ureteric orifice, duplicated urinary system, and hydronephrosis along with or without other clinical sequelae. Notably, the accurate and prompt diagnosis is challenging due to non-specific symptoms that could mimic other urogenital systems diseases. Imaging evaluation is the gold standard of accurate diagnosis and comprehensive clinical examination.The possible complications associated with ureterocoele include urinary tract obstruction, reflux, continence, and renal function derangements. Thus, we present a 23-year-old male patient, who presented to the general outpatient clinic of the Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, in September 2018 with a complaint of right-sidedabdominal pain and hot sensation, intermittent haematuria, and pain during micturition of one-year duration. He was evaluated with ultrasonography that showed moderate right hydronephrosis with a large curvilinear calculus adjacent to the dilated ureteric end, and intravenous urography revealed a dilated right distal ureteric end with a peripheral halo, giving the cobra head the appearance of ureterocoele.The patient underwent open cystolithotomy with marsupialization of the distal end of the right ureter. He showed remarkable post-operative improvement and was discharged after two weeks. Two months of post-operative follow-up was uneventful.","PeriodicalId":12003,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141832921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND: Anal incontinence is defined as the involuntary loss of fecal material or flatus. The reported prevalence at 6 weeks postpartum varies from 4% to 39%. It is associated with reduced quality of life, negative psychogenic effects and social stigma. This study was done to assess its prevalence at 6 weeks after vaginal delivery and identify the associated factors. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study. Data was collected using questionnaire adapted from International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire on Urinary Incontinence–Short Form. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20.5. RESULT: The prevalence of anal incontinence at 6 weeks after vaginal delivery was 8.6%. The majority of the cases, 28 (84.8%), had only flatus incontinence. Participants of age group 20-35 years had significantly lower odds of having anal incontinence compared to those above age 35 (P < 0.05). The odds of having incontinence compared to spontaneous vaginal delivery was about 5 times higher for forceps (AOR= 4.93 (95%CI:1.48, 16.44)) and vacuum (AOR= 5.53 (95%CI:1.18, 25.96)) deliveries. Second stage of labor duration of >120 minutes had more than 4 times odds of developing incontinence compared to duration of <30 minutes (AOR= 4.79 (95%CI:1.01, 22.82)). Second degree perineal tear was the most significantly associated variable compared to those without tear (AOR= 12.31 (95%CI:3.89, 39.00)). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of anal incontinence at 6 weeks after vaginal delivery was 8.6%. Maternal age, mode of delivery, duration of second stage of labor and perineal tear were the significantly associated factors.
{"title":"Prevalence and Associated Factors of Anal Incontinence at Six Weeks after Vaginal Delivery: A Cross-sectional Study at Three Teaching Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","authors":"Kumasa Abdissa, Eyasu Mesfin, Kiflom Tesfaye","doi":"10.4314/ejhs.v34i3.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ejhs.v34i3.6","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Anal incontinence is defined as the involuntary loss of fecal material or flatus. The reported prevalence at 6 weeks postpartum varies from 4% to 39%. It is associated with reduced quality of life, negative psychogenic effects and social stigma. This study was done to assess its prevalence at 6 weeks after vaginal delivery and identify the associated factors. \u0000METHODS: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study. Data was collected using questionnaire adapted from International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire on Urinary Incontinence–Short Form. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20.5. \u0000RESULT: The prevalence of anal incontinence at 6 weeks after vaginal delivery was 8.6%. The majority of the cases, 28 (84.8%), had only flatus incontinence. Participants of age group 20-35 years had significantly lower odds of having anal incontinence compared to those above age 35 (P < 0.05). The odds of having incontinence compared to spontaneous vaginal delivery was about 5 times higher for forceps (AOR= 4.93 (95%CI:1.48, 16.44)) and vacuum (AOR= 5.53 (95%CI:1.18, 25.96)) deliveries. Second stage of labor duration of >120 minutes had more than 4 times odds of developing incontinence compared to duration of <30 minutes (AOR= 4.79 (95%CI:1.01, 22.82)). Second degree perineal tear was the most significantly associated variable compared to those without tear (AOR= 12.31 (95%CI:3.89, 39.00)). \u0000CONCLUSION: The prevalence of anal incontinence at 6 weeks after vaginal delivery was 8.6%. Maternal age, mode of delivery, duration of second stage of labor and perineal tear were the significantly associated factors.","PeriodicalId":12003,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141833596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. B. Ayamolowo, Esther Adebola Adekunle, S. Ayamolowo, B. Abimbola, Phebian Funmilayo Adekunle, Adesoji
BACKGROUND: Effective family support is essential for promoting the well-being of pregnant women and reducing the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study examined family support patterns and influencing factors among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. METHODS: This descriptive cross-sectional study involved 384 pregnant women in a Local Government Area in southwestern Nigeria. Three healthcare facilities with the highest antenatal attendance were selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a tested and structured questionnaire, which was developed following a review of similar studies. The results were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0, employing Pearson Chi-square tests with a significance level set at p < 0.05. RESULTS: More than half of the respondents reported inadequate family support in various aspects including tangible/instrumental support (52.9%), emotional support (51.4%), and financial support (54.4%). However, the majority reported significant financial supports from their spouses (60.7%). Religion, educational qualification, and partner's occupation were found to significantly influence the likelihood of women receiving higher levels of social support. CONCLUSION: Many respondents lacked adequate support from spouses and families. Encouraging family involvement in antenatal care can improve understanding and support, benefiting maternal and child health. Hence, healthcare professionals and policymakers should consider the factors influencing family support options when designing focused interventions to strengthen maternal support systems and address the varied needs of pregnant women.
背景：有效的家庭支持对于促进孕妇的幸福和降低不良妊娠结局的风险至关重要。本研究调查了尼日利亚伊费岛产前诊所就诊孕妇的家庭支持模式和影响因素。方法：这项描述性横断面研究涉及尼日利亚西南部一个地方政府辖区的 384 名孕妇。通过有目的的抽样，选取了产前就诊人数最多的三个医疗机构。数据收集采用经过测试的结构化问卷，该问卷是在对类似研究进行回顾后编制的。结果使用 SPSS 20.0 版进行分析，采用皮尔逊卡方检验，显著性水平设定为 p <0.05。结果：超过半数的受访者表示家庭在各方面的支持不足，包括物质/工具支持（52.9%）、情感支持（51.4%）和经济支持（54.4%）。不过，大多数人都表示其配偶提供了大量的经济支持（60.7%）。研究发现，宗教信仰、学历和伴侣的职业对女性获得较高水平社会支持的可能性有显著影响。结论：许多受访者缺乏来自配偶和家庭的足够支持。鼓励家人参与产前护理可增进理解和支持，有利于母婴健康。因此，医护人员和政策制定者在设计有针对性的干预措施时，应考虑影响家庭支持选择的因素，以加强孕产妇支持系统并满足孕妇的不同需求。
{"title":"Patterns and Determinants of Family Support among Pregnant Women in Ile-Ife, Nigeria: A Quantitative Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"L. B. Ayamolowo, Esther Adebola Adekunle, S. Ayamolowo, B. Abimbola, Phebian Funmilayo Adekunle, Adesoji","doi":"10.4314/ejhs.v34i3.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ejhs.v34i3.9","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Effective family support is essential for promoting the well-being of pregnant women and reducing the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study examined family support patterns and influencing factors among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. \u0000METHODS: This descriptive cross-sectional study involved 384 pregnant women in a Local Government Area in southwestern Nigeria. Three healthcare facilities with the highest antenatal attendance were selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a tested and structured questionnaire, which was developed following a review of similar studies. The results were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0, employing Pearson Chi-square tests with a significance level set at p < 0.05. \u0000RESULTS: More than half of the respondents reported inadequate family support in various aspects including tangible/instrumental support (52.9%), emotional support (51.4%), and financial support (54.4%). However, the majority reported significant financial supports from their spouses (60.7%). Religion, educational qualification, and partner's occupation were found to significantly influence the likelihood of women receiving higher levels of social support. \u0000CONCLUSION: Many respondents lacked adequate support from spouses and families. Encouraging family involvement in antenatal care can improve understanding and support, benefiting maternal and child health. Hence, healthcare professionals and policymakers should consider the factors influencing family support options when designing focused interventions to strengthen maternal support systems and address the varied needs of pregnant women.","PeriodicalId":12003,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141833502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND: Globally, a substantial burden of disease is attributable to environmental risk factors including indoor air pollution. Nearly half of the world's population relies on solid fuel. Almost all (98.8%) residents in Ethiopia are dependent on biomass fuel as their basic source of energy for cooking. Thus, we set out to quantify the concentration of indoor air pollutants and household exposures in different housing characteristics and cooking conditions METHODS: A survey was conducted in 280 randomly selected households in Jimma town, Ethiopia. A real-time concentration of fine particulate matters (PM2.5, PM10) and pollutants including carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), and volatile organic compounds (VOC) were measured using Laser PM2.5 Meter-5800D/5800E and Aeroqual's TM series 500 portable air quality monitors. Data on housing characteristics, kitchen configuration, and ventilation status were collected using observation checklist. RESULTS: The median concentrations of pollutants in all measured households were PM2.5; 294 µg/m3, PM10; 270 µg/m3, CO2; 577 mg/m3, CO; 7.9 mg/m3, and VOC; 1077 mg/m3. Households that used solid fuels had significantly higher concentration of PM2.5 (U = 53.0, p < 0.001), PM10 (U =63.0, p < 0.001),CO2 (U = 3519.50, p < 0.001), and CO (U = 3246.0, p < 0.001) than households that used clean fuel. CONCLUSIONS: All households in this study were exposed to high concentration of indoor air pollutants that exceeded WHO’s air quality standard. Effective strategy should be put in place to reduce the emission of air pollutants and to set air quality management and improvements policy
{"title":"Household Air Pollution Related to Housing Characteristics and Cooking Conditions in Jimma Town, Ethiopia","authors":"Elias Mulat, Dessalegn Tamiru, K. H. Abate","doi":"10.4314/ejhs.v34i3.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ejhs.v34i3.2","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Globally, a substantial burden of disease is attributable to environmental risk factors including indoor air pollution. Nearly half of the world's population relies on solid fuel. Almost all (98.8%) residents in Ethiopia are dependent on biomass fuel as their basic source of energy for cooking. Thus, we set out to quantify the concentration of indoor air pollutants and household exposures in different housing characteristics and cooking conditions \u0000METHODS: A survey was conducted in 280 randomly selected households in Jimma town, Ethiopia. A real-time concentration of fine particulate matters (PM2.5, PM10) and pollutants including carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), and volatile organic compounds (VOC) were measured using Laser PM2.5 Meter-5800D/5800E and Aeroqual's TM series 500 portable air quality monitors. Data on housing characteristics, kitchen configuration, and ventilation status were collected using observation checklist. \u0000RESULTS: The median concentrations of pollutants in all measured households were PM2.5; 294 µg/m3, PM10; 270 µg/m3, CO2; 577 mg/m3, CO; 7.9 mg/m3, and VOC; 1077 mg/m3. Households that used solid fuels had significantly higher concentration of PM2.5 (U = 53.0, p < 0.001), PM10 (U =63.0, p < 0.001),CO2 (U = 3519.50, p < 0.001), and CO (U = 3246.0, p < 0.001) than households that used clean fuel. \u0000CONCLUSIONS: All households in this study were exposed to high concentration of indoor air pollutants that exceeded WHO’s air quality standard. Effective strategy should be put in place to reduce the emission of air pollutants and to set air quality management and improvements policy","PeriodicalId":12003,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141833616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Varsha VK, Girish HC, Mamata Kamat, Vidya G Doddawad
Salivary gland tumors make up a relatively small proportion, ranging from 1% to 4%, of all neoplasms in the human body. Among these, pleomorphic adenoma stands out as a distinct benign tumor of the salivary glands, characterized by a combination of epithelial and mesenchymal elements.Only 0.3% to 1.5%, of biopsies in oral and Maxillofacial pathology laboratories are associated with tumors originating from minor salivary glands.Keratinizing pleomorphic adenoma, a rare variant accounting for 5-10% of all pleomorphic adenomas, differs from the typical form due to the presence of keratin within the tumor cells, serving as a distinguishing histological feature. The incidence of keratinizing pleomorphic adenoma is not well-established but is believed to be less than 1 case per 100,000 people per year. Here we present an atypical histopathological variation of pleomorphic adenoma, featuring extensive keratinization and manifesting in a less typical anatomical location in a 57-year-old male patient.
{"title":"Keratinizing Pleomorphic Adenoma of the Buccal Mucosa: A Comprehensive Clinical and Histopathological Analysis of a Rare Case","authors":"Varsha VK, Girish HC, Mamata Kamat, Vidya G Doddawad","doi":"10.4314/ejhs.v34i3.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ejhs.v34i3.10","url":null,"abstract":"Salivary gland tumors make up a relatively small proportion, ranging from 1% to 4%, of all neoplasms in the human body. Among these, pleomorphic adenoma stands out as a distinct benign tumor of the salivary glands, characterized by a combination of epithelial and mesenchymal elements.Only 0.3% to 1.5%, of biopsies in oral and Maxillofacial pathology laboratories are associated with tumors originating from minor salivary glands.Keratinizing pleomorphic adenoma, a rare variant accounting for 5-10% of all pleomorphic adenomas, differs from the typical form due to the presence of keratin within the tumor cells, serving as a distinguishing histological feature. The incidence of keratinizing pleomorphic adenoma is not well-established but is believed to be less than 1 case per 100,000 people per year. Here we present an atypical histopathological variation of pleomorphic adenoma, featuring extensive keratinization and manifesting in a less typical anatomical location in a 57-year-old male patient.","PeriodicalId":12003,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141833614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shahriar Mokhtary, A. Janati, Mahmood Yousefi, B. Raei, Fardin Moradi
BACKGROUND: The reform of hospital payment systems is a top priority for policymakers in many countries, including Iran. As knowledge of the current situation and experience with previous reforms are gained, the next phase will focus on improvement. Therefore, this study aims to identify the challenges to hospital payments in the Iranian health system. METHODS: This qualitative study used semi-structured interviews and focus group discussion meetings to collect data from 29 informants, including physicians, hospital administrators, faculty members, supervisors, and executive managers with expertise in hospital payment systems. Purposive sampling was used to recruit participants. Data were analyzed using content analysis. RESULTS: The content analysis resulted in five themes and twenty-two sub-themes. Policy and regulation issues, payment methods, fair payment to providers, infrastructure and systems, and behavior of providers were cited as major challenges and drawbacks of Iran’s hospital payment systems. CONCLUSIONS: Understanding the barriers to hospital payments is essential for reforming or alleviating the problem. This research has shed light on the current state of the hospital payment system in the Iranian health system. Knowledge of the issues with the current system and the needs of healthcare providers is essential for effective reform.
{"title":"Challenges of Hospital Payment Systems in Iran: Results from a Qualitative Study","authors":"Shahriar Mokhtary, A. Janati, Mahmood Yousefi, B. Raei, Fardin Moradi","doi":"10.4314/ejhs.v34i3.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ejhs.v34i3.8","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: The reform of hospital payment systems is a top priority for policymakers in many countries, including Iran. As knowledge of the current situation and experience with previous reforms are gained, the next phase will focus on improvement. Therefore, this study aims to identify the challenges to hospital payments in the Iranian health system. \u0000METHODS: This qualitative study used semi-structured interviews and focus group discussion meetings to collect data from 29 informants, including physicians, hospital administrators, faculty members, supervisors, and executive managers with expertise in hospital payment systems. Purposive sampling was used to recruit participants. Data were analyzed using content analysis. \u0000RESULTS: The content analysis resulted in five themes and twenty-two sub-themes. Policy and regulation issues, payment methods, fair payment to providers, infrastructure and systems, and behavior of providers were cited as major challenges and drawbacks of Iran’s hospital payment systems. \u0000CONCLUSIONS: Understanding the barriers to hospital payments is essential for reforming or alleviating the problem. This research has shed light on the current state of the hospital payment system in the Iranian health system. Knowledge of the issues with the current system and the needs of healthcare providers is essential for effective reform.","PeriodicalId":12003,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141833541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tilahun Deresse, Megbar Dessalegn, Molla Yigzaw Birhanu, George Eskandar
BACKGROUND:Emergency laparatomy may need subsequent re-laparatomy which has high rate of mortality. However, reports on rates and associated factors of un-planned re-laparatomy are few. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of re-laparotomy after non-trauma emergency laparatomy at Debre Markos Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, 2023. METHODS: This was a retrospective chart review conducted at Debre Markos Comprehensive Specialized Hospital in Ethiopia among patients who had undergone emergency laparatomy between January 1, 2019 and December 31, 2022. A sample of 384 individuals were selected using simple random sampling technique. Data were extracted from March 01, 2023, to May 1, 2023, cleaned, entered into Epi-Data version 3.1, and analyzed with STATA version 14.1. Predictor variables with P value < 0.05 in multivariable logistic regression were reported. RESULTS: From 384 patients who had emergency laparatomy, 33(8.6%) needed re-laparatomy in the early post-operative period. All re-laparotomies were unplanned and done during the primary Hospital admission period. Patients who were hypotensive preoperatively[AOR: 3.3 (95% CI: (1.88, 9.40))] and with longer operation time (greater than 1 hour) [AOR: 4.5 (95% CI: (1.88, 10.64)] had increased risk for unplanned re-laparatomy. CONCLUSION: The re-laparatomy rate in this study was high with higher risk among patients with preoperative hypotension and longer procedure time. The findings emphasize a need for advocacy on preoperative patient resuscitation and monitoring.
{"title":"Prevalence and Associated Factors of Unplanned Re-Laparatomy after Non-Trauma Emergency Laparatomy in Resource-Limited Settings, 2023: A Retrospective Chart Review","authors":"Tilahun Deresse, Megbar Dessalegn, Molla Yigzaw Birhanu, George Eskandar","doi":"10.4314/ejhs.v34i3.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ejhs.v34i3.4","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND:Emergency laparatomy may need subsequent re-laparatomy which has high rate of mortality. However, reports on rates and associated factors of un-planned re-laparatomy are few. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of re-laparotomy after non-trauma emergency laparatomy at Debre Markos Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, 2023. \u0000METHODS: This was a retrospective chart review conducted at Debre Markos Comprehensive Specialized Hospital in Ethiopia among patients who had undergone emergency laparatomy between January 1, 2019 and December 31, 2022. A sample of 384 individuals were selected using simple random sampling technique. Data were extracted from March 01, 2023, to May 1, 2023, cleaned, entered into Epi-Data version 3.1, and analyzed with STATA version 14.1. Predictor variables with P value < 0.05 in multivariable logistic regression were reported. \u0000RESULTS: From 384 patients who had emergency laparatomy, 33(8.6%) needed re-laparatomy in the early post-operative period. All re-laparotomies were unplanned and done during the primary Hospital admission period. Patients who were hypotensive preoperatively[AOR: 3.3 (95% CI: (1.88, 9.40))] and with longer operation time (greater than 1 hour) [AOR: 4.5 (95% CI: (1.88, 10.64)] had increased risk for unplanned re-laparatomy. \u0000CONCLUSION: The re-laparatomy rate in this study was high with higher risk among patients with preoperative hypotension and longer procedure time. The findings emphasize a need for advocacy on preoperative patient resuscitation and monitoring.","PeriodicalId":12003,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141832899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND: Intestinal parasitic infection constitutes a global health burden; it has a high prevalence among children in Nigeria. The quest for control is still ongoing. Geographical Information Systems have contributed significantly to solving sundry real-world tasks, from agriculture to emergency planning and control. Therefore, this study was aimed at geo-mapping of intestinal parasites in a Southern community in Nigeria to identify the infection risk areas. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey and clustered random sampling method were used. Samples were analyzed by direct wet mount and formal ether concentration methods. Geostatistical analyses were done to determine the spatial distribution of these parasites. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of intestinal parasite in the community was 23.95% and parasites identified were: Ascaris lumbricoides 45(7.23%), Entamoeba histolytica 31(4.98%), Strongyloides stercoralis 13(2.09%), Gardia lambla 12(1.93%), Hookworm 11(1.77%), Trichuris trichiura 10(1.61%), Schistosoma mansoni 9(1.45%) and Diphyllobothrium latum 4(0.64%). The distribution and intensity of the parasites showed that Bolu-Orua, Tungbo, and Ogalawa communities had higher intestinal parasitic infection rates and needs urgent interventions. Part of Sagbama, Aguru, Toru-Orua to Toru-Eden had a moderate intestinal parasitic infection. CONCLUSION: An infection map was produced for each parasite, and visualizing the spatial distribution of intestinal parasites in these communities brings to bare health risk areas. It will help in the proper application of limited resources in the control and prevention of these parasites.
{"title":"Geo-Mapping of Intestinal Parasitic Infection in a Southern Community in Nigeria","authors":"Gbonhinbor, J., Abah, A.E, Awi-Waadu, G.D.B","doi":"10.4314/ejhs.v34i3.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ejhs.v34i3.5","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Intestinal parasitic infection constitutes a global health burden; it has a high prevalence among children in Nigeria. The quest for control is still ongoing. Geographical Information Systems have contributed significantly to solving sundry real-world tasks, from agriculture to emergency planning and control. Therefore, this study was aimed at geo-mapping of intestinal parasites in a Southern community in Nigeria to identify the infection risk areas. \u0000METHODS: A cross-sectional survey and clustered random sampling method were used. Samples were analyzed by direct wet mount and formal ether concentration methods. Geostatistical analyses were done to determine the spatial distribution of these parasites. \u0000RESULTS: The overall prevalence of intestinal parasite in the community was 23.95% and parasites identified were: Ascaris lumbricoides 45(7.23%), Entamoeba histolytica 31(4.98%), Strongyloides stercoralis 13(2.09%), Gardia lambla 12(1.93%), Hookworm 11(1.77%), Trichuris trichiura 10(1.61%), Schistosoma mansoni 9(1.45%) and Diphyllobothrium latum 4(0.64%). The distribution and intensity of the parasites showed that Bolu-Orua, Tungbo, and Ogalawa communities had higher intestinal parasitic infection rates and needs urgent interventions. Part of Sagbama, Aguru, Toru-Orua to Toru-Eden had a moderate intestinal parasitic infection. \u0000CONCLUSION: An infection map was produced for each parasite, and visualizing the spatial distribution of intestinal parasites in these communities brings to bare health risk areas. It will help in the proper application of limited resources in the control and prevention of these parasites.","PeriodicalId":12003,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141833072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND: Youth with overweight and obesity are susceptible to weight bias internalization (WBI) and tend to experience impaired quality of life (QOL). However, the evidence regarding the relationship between WBI and QOL remains scarce among Thai youth. Thus, this study aimed to assess the association between WBI and QOL among Thai youth with overweight and obesity. METHODS: A cross-sectional design was conducted with 667 university youths with overweight and obesity from northeastern Thailand selected by a multistage sampling method. A self-reported questionnaire was used for data collection. Multivariable logistic regression was applied to examine the association between WBI and QOL. RESULTS: More than half of the youths (51.4%) were females with a mean body mass index (BMI) of 26.5 kg/m2 (SD = 2.5). More than one third (37.8%) of the participants had a high level of WBI, and 48.9% reported being dissatisfied with their body image. Our results indicate higher BMI and greater WBI, and body image dissatisfactions were strongly associated with worse QOL overall and across all domains (physical health, psychological health, social relationships, and environment) after adjusting for all covariates. CONCLUSIONS: WBI, BMI, and body dissatisfaction play an important role in impaired QOL. Thus, the development of intervention strategies or programs should consider the reduction of these factors as a key component of care or treatment for youth with overweight and obesity to improve QOL.
背景：超重和肥胖的青少年易受体重偏差内化（WBI）的影响，生活质量（QOL）往往会受到损害。然而，在泰国青少年中，有关体重偏差内化与生活质量之间关系的证据仍然很少。因此，本研究旨在评估泰国超重和肥胖青少年的 WBI 与 QOL 之间的关系。方法：研究采用横断面设计，通过多阶段抽样方法从泰国东北部选取了 667 名超重和肥胖的大学青年。数据收集采用自我报告问卷。采用多变量逻辑回归法研究 WBI 与 QOL 之间的关系。结果：超过一半的青少年（51.4%）为女性，平均体重指数（BMI）为 26.5 kg/m2（SD = 2.5）。超过三分之一（37.8%）的参与者有较高的 WBI 水平，48.9% 的参与者表示对自己的身体形象不满意。我们的研究结果表明，在对所有协变量进行调整后，体重指数越高、WBI 越大以及对身体形象不满意与总体和所有领域（身体健康、心理健康、社会关系和环境）的 QOL 越差密切相关。结论：WBI、BMI 和身体不满意度在影响 QOL 方面起着重要作用。因此，在制定干预策略或计划时，应将减少这些因素作为超重和肥胖症青少年护理或治疗的一个重要组成部分，以改善其生活质量。
{"title":"The Relationship between Weight Bias Internalization and Quality of Life among Overweight and Obese Youths in Thailand","authors":"Suneerat Yangyuen, Supattra Keawmuang, Atchara Chaichan","doi":"10.4314/ejhs.v34i3.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ejhs.v34i3.3","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Youth with overweight and obesity are susceptible to weight bias internalization (WBI) and tend to experience impaired quality of life (QOL). However, the evidence regarding the relationship between WBI and QOL remains scarce among Thai youth. Thus, this study aimed to assess the association between WBI and QOL among Thai youth with overweight and obesity. \u0000METHODS: A cross-sectional design was conducted with 667 university youths with overweight and obesity from northeastern Thailand selected by a multistage sampling method. A self-reported questionnaire was used for data collection. Multivariable logistic regression was applied to examine the association between WBI and QOL. \u0000RESULTS: More than half of the youths (51.4%) were females with a mean body mass index (BMI) of 26.5 kg/m2 (SD = 2.5). More than one third (37.8%) of the participants had a high level of WBI, and 48.9% reported being dissatisfied with their body image. Our results indicate higher BMI and greater WBI, and body image dissatisfactions were strongly associated with worse QOL overall and across all domains (physical health, psychological health, social relationships, and environment) after adjusting for all covariates. \u0000CONCLUSIONS: WBI, BMI, and body dissatisfaction play an important role in impaired QOL. Thus, the development of intervention strategies or programs should consider the reduction of these factors as a key component of care or treatment for youth with overweight and obesity to improve QOL.","PeriodicalId":12003,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141832699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Breaking the barriers for conducting clinical trials in Africa: A need for higher commitment and collaborations","authors":"MD Daniel Yilma","doi":"10.4314/ejhs.v34i3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ejhs.v34i3.1","url":null,"abstract":"Editorial message ","PeriodicalId":12003,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141832946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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