价值观、决策和经验生命伦理学:一个经验识别和分析价值判断的概念模型。

IF 1.1 3区 哲学 Q3 ETHICS Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-17 DOI:10.1007/s11017-023-09640-4
Marcel Mertz, Ilvie Prince, Ines Pietschmann
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引用次数: 0

摘要

我们可以假设,每一个决策过程都涉及到价值判断,即判断什么是“好”或“更好”,什么是“坏”或“更糟”。因此,在生物伦理学的背景下,对价值判断的理论理解和分析很重要,例如,能够从道德上评估生物医学实践中的实际决策过程,并提出改进建议。然而,真正的决策过程及其内在的价值判断必须首先进行实证研究(“实证生物伦理学”)。要做到这一点,“价值判断”究竟是什么,以及它可能由哪些组成部分组成,首先必须从理论上加以澄清。相应的概念模型可以支持甚至实现经验数据的收集和分析,最重要的是,随后的伦理分析和评估。因此,本文提出了一个价值判断模型及其理论推导。它还说明了其在生物医学研究背景下动物实验和替代方法之间决策的访谈研究中的应用。虽然模型本身在理论上可以深化和扩展,但模型的应用总体上是有效的,并有助于揭示哪些价值判断可以进入决策。然而,经验方法,例如,定性访谈,也可以更好地导向引出价值判断(根据模型理解)。该模型进一步应用于其他主题或通过其他经验方法是可以想象的。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

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Values, decision-making and empirical bioethics: a conceptual model for empirically identifying and analyzing value judgements.

It can be assumed that value judgements, which are needed to judge what is 'good' or 'better' and what is 'bad' or 'worse', are involved in every decision-making process. The theoretical understanding and analysis of value judgements is, therefore, important in the context of bioethics, for example, to be able to ethically assess real decision-making processes in biomedical practice and make recommendations for improvements. However, real decision-making processes and the value judgements inherent in them must first be investigated empirically ('empirical bioethics'). For this to succeed, what exactly a 'value judgement' is and of what components it might consist must initially be theoretically clarified. A corresponding conceptual model can then support or even enable empirical data collection and analysis and, above all, subsequent ethical analysis and evaluation. This paper, therefore, presents a value judgement model with its theoretical derivation. It also illustrates its application in an interview study of decision-making between animal experimentation and alternative methods in the context of biomedical research. Though the model itself can be theoretically deepened and extended, the application of the model works in general and helps to uncover what value judgements can enter into decision-making. However, the empirical methods, for example, qualitative interviews, can also be better oriented towards eliciting value judgements (as understood according to the model). Further applications of the model to other topics or by means of other empirical methods are conceivable.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
1.80
自引率
14.30%
发文量
43
期刊介绍: AIMS & SCOPE Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics examines clinical judgment and reasoning, medical concepts such as health and disease, the philosophical basis of medical science, and the philosophical ethics of health care and biomedical research Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics is an international forum for interdisciplinary studies in the ethics of health care and in the philosophy and methodology of medical practice and biomedical research. Coverage in the philosophy of medicine includes the theoretical examination of clinical judgment and decision making; theories of health promotion and preventive care; the problems of medical language and knowledge acquisition; theory formation in medicine; analysis of the structure and dynamics of medical hypotheses and theories; discussion and clarification of basic medical concepts and issues; medical application of advanced methods in the philosophy of science, and the interplay between medicine and other scientific or social institutions. Coverage of ethics includes both clinical and research ethics, with an emphasis on underlying ethical theory rather than institutional or governmental policy analysis. All philosophical methods and orientations receive equal consideration. The journal pays particular attention to developing new methods and tools for analysis and understanding of the conceptual and ethical presuppositions of the medical sciences and health care processes. Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics publishes original scholarly articles, occasional special issues on important topics, and book reviews. Related subjects » Applied Ethics & Social Responsibility – Bioethics – Ethics – Epistemology & Philosophy of Science – Medical Ethics – Medicine – Philosophy – Philosophy of Medicine – Surgery
期刊最新文献
An ageless body does not imply transhumanism: A reply to Levin Risky first-in-human clinical trials on medically fragile persons: owning the moral cost Probability and informed consent. Values, decision-making and empirical bioethics: a conceptual model for empirically identifying and analyzing value judgements. An account of medical treatment, with a preliminary account of medical conditions.
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