健康科学中的“技术”贡献者和作者分布。

IF 2.7 2区 哲学 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Science and Engineering Ethics Pub Date : 2023-06-21 DOI:10.1007/s11948-023-00445-1
Elise Smith
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在卫生科学领域,技术贡献可能被低估,并被排除在作者署名之外。在本文中,我证明了作者身份是一个历史结构,它使包括技术低估在内的系统性不公正永久化。我利用皮埃尔·布迪厄(Pierre Bourdieu)的概念性工作来证明,学术界的权力动力学如何使改变习惯状态或“习惯”变得非常具有挑战性。为了反驳这一点,我认为我们必须重新认识到,在分配导致作者身份的角色和机会时,基于其性质,技术贡献不是先验的不重要的。我的论点基于两个前提。首先,由于重大的信息和生物技术创新,科学得到了发展;这就要求“技术人员”获得并运用相应的高度的技术和知识专长,从而增加他们贡献的价值。我将通过简要介绍统计学家、计算机程序员/数据科学家和实验室技术人员的工作历史来说明这一点。其次,排除或低估这类工作违背了科学研究人员个人和团队的责任、公平和可信赖的准则。尽管由于权力动力学,这些规范不断受到考验,但它们的重要性对伦理作者实践和研究诚信至关重要。虽然可能有人认为,通过清楚地确定谁在出版物中做了什么,详细披露贡献(称为贡献者)可以增加问责制,但我认为,这可能无意中使低估技术角色的行为合法化,并可能降低科学的完整性。最后,本文提出了促进技术贡献者伦理包容的建议。
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"Technical" Contributors and Authorship Distribution in Health Science.

In health sciences, technical contributions may be undervalued and excluded in the author byline. In this paper, I demonstrate how authorship is a historical construct which perpetuates systemic injustices including technical undervaluation. I make use of Pierre Bourdieu's conceptual work to demonstrate how the power dynamics at play in academia make it very challenging to change the habitual state or "habitus". To counter this, I argue that we must reconceive technical contributions to not be a priori less important based on its nature when assigning roles and opportunities leading to authorship. I make this argument based on two premises. First, science has evolved due to major information and biotechnological innovation; this requires 'technicians' to acquire and exercise a commensurate high degree of both technical and intellectual expertise which in turn increases the value of their contribution. I will illustrate this by providing a brief historical view of work statisticians, computer programmers/data scientists and laboratory technicians. Second, excluding or undervaluing this type of work is contrary to norms of responsibility, fairness and trustworthiness of the individual researchers and of teams in science. Although such norms are continuously tested because of power dynamics, their importance is central to ethical authorship practice and research integrity. While it may be argued that detailed disclosure of contributions (known as contributorship) increases accountability by clearly identifying who did what in the publication, I contend that this may unintentionally legitimize undervaluation of technical roles and may decrease integrity of science. Finally, this paper offers recommendations to promote ethical inclusion of technical contributors.

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来源期刊
Science and Engineering Ethics
Science and Engineering Ethics 综合性期刊-工程:综合
CiteScore
10.70
自引率
5.40%
发文量
54
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Science and Engineering Ethics is an international multidisciplinary journal dedicated to exploring ethical issues associated with science and engineering, covering professional education, research and practice as well as the effects of technological innovations and research findings on society. While the focus of this journal is on science and engineering, contributions from a broad range of disciplines, including social sciences and humanities, are welcomed. Areas of interest include, but are not limited to, ethics of new and emerging technologies, research ethics, computer ethics, energy ethics, animals and human subjects ethics, ethics education in science and engineering, ethics in design, biomedical ethics, values in technology and innovation. We welcome contributions that deal with these issues from an international perspective, particularly from countries that are underrepresented in these discussions.
期刊最新文献
Authorship and Citizen Science: Seven Heuristic Rules. A Confucian Algorithm for Autonomous Vehicles. A Rubik's Cube-Inspired Pedagogical Tool for Teaching and Learning Engineering Ethics. Patient Preferences Concerning Humanoid Features in Healthcare Robots. Responsibility Gaps and Retributive Dispositions: Evidence from the US, Japan and Germany.
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