神经元发育和疾病中的 mRNA 同工酶平衡

IF 6.4 2区 生物学 Q1 CELL BIOLOGY Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: RNA Pub Date : 2023-05-01 Epub Date: 2022-09-19 DOI:10.1002/wrna.1762
Geneva R LaForce, Polyxeni Philippidou, Ashleigh E Schaffer
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在整个细胞分化过程中,mRNA 同工酶的多样性和丰度在空间和时间上都受到调控。表达同工酶的比例有助于细胞类型的分化,并决定分化细胞的关键特性。神经元是一种独特的细胞类型,具有复杂的发育程序、特征性细胞形态和电生理潜能。神经元特异性基因表达程序确立了这些独特的细胞特征,并推动了神经元亚型的多样性。具有神经元特异性替代加工的基因富含神经元的关键功能,包括突触蛋白、粘附分子和支架蛋白。尽管神经元基因表达程序具有相似性,但每个神经元亚类都可以通过独特的 mRNA 替代加工事件加以区分。对发育具有重要意义的转录本的替代加工会改变编码和调控信息,包括相互作用域、转录本稳定性、亚细胞定位以及 RNA 结合蛋白的靶向性。mRNA 加工的微调对神经元的活动和维持至关重要。因此,神经元 RNA 生物学研究的重点是剖析神经元稳态的转录组机制,进而确定神经元亚型的疾病倾向。本文归类于疾病与发育中的 RNA > 疾病中的 RNA 疾病与发育中的 RNA > 发育中的 RNA。
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mRNA isoform balance in neuronal development and disease.

Balanced mRNA isoform diversity and abundance are spatially and temporally regulated throughout cellular differentiation. The proportion of expressed isoforms contributes to cell type specification and determines key properties of the differentiated cells. Neurons are unique cell types with intricate developmental programs, characteristic cellular morphologies, and electrophysiological potential. Neuron-specific gene expression programs establish these distinctive cellular characteristics and drive diversity among neuronal subtypes. Genes with neuron-specific alternative processing are enriched in key neuronal functions, including synaptic proteins, adhesion molecules, and scaffold proteins. Despite the similarity of neuronal gene expression programs, each neuronal subclass can be distinguished by unique alternative mRNA processing events. Alternative processing of developmentally important transcripts alters coding and regulatory information, including interaction domains, transcript stability, subcellular localization, and targeting by RNA binding proteins. Fine-tuning of mRNA processing is essential for neuronal activity and maintenance. Thus, the focus of neuronal RNA biology research is to dissect the transcriptomic mechanisms that underlie neuronal homeostasis, and consequently, predispose neuronal subtypes to disease. This article is categorized under: RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Development.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
14.80
自引率
4.10%
发文量
67
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: WIREs RNA aims to provide comprehensive, up-to-date, and coherent coverage of this interesting and growing field, providing a framework for both RNA experts and interdisciplinary researchers to not only gain perspective in areas of RNA biology, but to generate new insights and applications as well. Major topics to be covered are: RNA Structure and Dynamics; RNA Evolution and Genomics; RNA-Based Catalysis; RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules; Translation; RNA Processing; RNA Export/Localization; RNA Turnover and Surveillance; Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches; RNA in Disease and Development; and RNA Methods.
期刊最新文献
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