生物文化精神病理学作为一种新的精神障碍认识论。

IF 0.3 3区 哲学 Q4 HISTORY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES History of Psychiatry Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI:10.1177/0957154X231168080
Caio Maximino
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引用次数: 0

摘要

精神病理学几十年来一直受到批评,因为它依赖于以大脑为中心和过度简化的方法,将精神障碍视为类似疾病的自然类型。虽然对以大脑为中心的精神病理学的批评比比皆是,但这些批评有时忽略了神经科学的重要进展,这些进展将大脑视为具身的、嵌入的、扩展的和活跃的,并且从根本上是可塑的。提出了一种新的精神障碍本体-认识论,侧重于生物文化模型,其中人类大脑被理解为体现和嵌入在生态社会利基中,并且个体制定具有循环因果关系特征的特定交易。在这种方法中,神经生物学基础与人际和社会文化因素是分不开的。这种方法导致研究和处理精神障碍的方法发生变化。
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Biocultural psychopathology as a new epistemology for mental disorders.

Psychopathology has been criticized for decades for its reliance on a brain-centred and over-reductionist approach which views mental disorders as disease-like natural kinds. While criticisms of brain-centred psychopathologies abound, these criticisms sometimes ignore important advances in the neurosciences which view the brain as embodied, embedded, extended and enactive, and as fundamentally plastic. A new onto-epistemology for mental disorders is proposed, focusing on a biocultural model, in which human brains are understood as embodied and embedded in ecosocial niches, and with which individuals enact particular transactions characterized by circular causality. In this approach, neurobiological bases are inseparable from interpersonal and socio-cultural factors. This approach leads to methodological changes in how mental disorders are studied and dealt with.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
1.10
自引率
16.70%
发文量
34
期刊介绍: History of Psychiatry publishes research articles, analysis and information across the entire field of the history of mental illness and the forms of medicine, psychiatry, cultural response and social policy which have evolved to understand and treat it. It covers all periods of history up to the present day, and all nations and cultures.
期刊最新文献
The saga of James Lucett and the process for curing insanity, Part 2 (1814-38): 'Insanity cured'. Human radiation for medicine, spiritism and hypnosis in Argentina: scientific controversies around vital radiations (1880-1930). Cheerfulness in the history of psychiatry. Marcel Réja and theatre therapy. Phrenitis and the pathology of the mind in western medical thought (fifth century BCE to twentieth century cE).
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