深空辐射屏蔽的混合方法

IF 4.6 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, BIOMATERIALS ACS Applied Bio Materials Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI:10.1016/j.lssr.2023.04.004
Rajarshi Pal Chowdhury , Luke A. Stegeman , Matthew L. Lund , Dan Fry , Stojan Madzunkov , Amir A. Bahadori
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引用次数: 2

摘要

在过去的十年里,美国国家航空航天局和其他太空探索组织一直致力于将前往太阳系不同地点的载人任务作为优先事项。为了确保机组人员在地磁场和大气保护之外的恶劣辐射环境中的安全,需要建立一个强大的辐射防护系统。使用质量屏蔽的被动屏蔽方法不足以作为长期深空任务的独立辐射防护手段。利用电磁场偏转带电粒子的主动屏蔽方法有可能成为一种解决方案,可以与被动屏蔽一起使用,使深空旅行更安全、更可行。过去的主动屏蔽研究表明,要实现主动屏蔽,需要取得实质性的技术进步。然而,当用于保护太阳高能粒子时,主动屏蔽已显示出在不久的将来实施的潜力,这些粒子的穿透力不如银河系宇宙射线(GCR)。这项研究使用了一种新的方法来研究在太阳活动极小和太阳活动极大条件下,被动和主动屏蔽对极端太阳粒子事件(SPE)和自由空间GCR光谱的影响。混合屏蔽配置性能根据有效剂量和放射性生物有效性(RBE)加权剂量减少进行评估。选择了一种由多个带电平面和带电棒组成的新型静电屏蔽配置作为基础有源屏蔽配置。经过严格的优化过程,根据减少RBE加权剂量和有效剂量的能力,选择了两种混合屏蔽配置。为了防止极端SPE,选择了混合有源-无源屏蔽配置,其中有源屏蔽放置在无源屏蔽之外。在GCR的情况下,为了获得与被动屏蔽相比的额外减少,将被动屏蔽配置置于主动屏蔽之前,以有意地使HZE离子碎裂,从而提高屏蔽性能。
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Hybrid methods of radiation shielding against deep-space radiation

In the last decade, NASA and other space exploration organizations have focused on making crewed missions to different locations in our solar system a priority. To ensure the crew members’ safety in a harsh radiation environment outside the protection of the geomagnetic field and atmosphere, a robust radiation protection system needs to be in place. Passive shielding methods, which use mass shielding, are insufficient as a standalone means of radiation protection for long-term deep-space missions. Active shielding methods, which use electromagnetic fields to deflect charged particles, have the potential to be a solution that can be used along with passive shielding to make deep-space travel safer and more feasible. Past active shielding studies have demonstrated that substantial technological advances are required for active shielding to be a reality. However, active shielding has shown potential for near-future implementation when used to protect against solar energetic particles, which are less penetrating than galactic cosmic rays (GCRs). This study uses a novel approach to investigate the impacts of passive and active shielding for protection against extreme solar particle events (SPEs) and free-space GCR spectra under solar minimum and solar maximum conditions. Hybrid shielding configuration performance is assessed in terms of effective dose and radiobiological effectiveness (RBE)-weighted dose reduction. A novel electrostatic shielding configuration consisting of multiple charged planes and charged rods was chosen as the base active shielding configuration. After a rigorous optimization process, two hybrid shielding configurations were chosen based on their ability to reduce RBE-weighted dose and effective dose. For protection against the extreme SPE, a hybrid active-passive shielding configuration was chosen, where active shielding was placed outside of passive shielding. In the case of GCRs, to gain additional reduction compared to passive shielding, the passive shielding configuration was placed before the active shielding to intentionally fragment HZE ions to improve shielding performance.

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来源期刊
ACS Applied Bio Materials
ACS Applied Bio Materials Chemistry-Chemistry (all)
CiteScore
9.40
自引率
2.10%
发文量
464
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