微生物组对肥胖患者更好表型的贡献。

IF 6.9 2区 医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders Pub Date : 2023-10-01 Epub Date: 2023-04-29 DOI:10.1007/s11154-023-09798-1
Agostino Di Ciaula, Leonilde Bonfrate, Mohamad Khalil, Gabriella Garruti, Piero Portincasa
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引用次数: 5

摘要

肥胖在全世界和所有年龄段都已达到流行病的比例。现有证据表明,多因素发病机制涉及基因易感性和环境因素。肠道微生物群作为外部因素(即饮食、生活方式、有毒化学物质)与调节能量和代谢稳态、脂肪生产和储存的内部机制之间的主要接口发挥着关键作用。微生物群组成的变化与超重和肥胖有关,致病机制涉及细菌产物和代谢产物(主要是内源性大麻素相关介质、短链脂肪酸、胆汁酸、色氨酸分解代谢产物、脂多糖),以及随后肠道屏障的改变、代谢稳态的改变、胰岛素抵抗和慢性,低度炎症。尽管动物研究指出了“致肥胖”微生物群与不同肥胖表型发展之间的联系,但这些结果在人类中的转化价值仍然受到研究之间的异质性、肠道微生物群随时间的高度变化以及缺乏充分考虑个体间混杂因素的稳健纵向研究的限制。然而,现有证据强调,存在几个易肥胖的属,或者相反,易瘦和代谢健康表型的属(例如,Akkermansia muciniphila,Faecalibacterium属、Alistipes属和Roseburia属的物种)。该领域需要使用宏基因组学、转录组学、蛋白质组学和代谢组学对混杂因素进行进一步的纵向研究。结果必须证实,不同的属和特定的微生物衍生代谢产物代表了长期有效和精确的超重和肥胖干预措施。
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Contribution of the microbiome for better phenotyping of people living with obesity.

Obesity has reached epidemic proportion worldwide and in all ages. Available evidence points to a multifactorial pathogenesis involving gene predisposition and environmental factors. Gut microbiota plays a critical role as a major interface between external factors, i.e., diet, lifestyle, toxic chemicals, and internal mechanisms regulating energy and metabolic homeostasis, fat production and storage. A shift in microbiota composition is linked with overweight and obesity, with pathogenic mechanisms involving bacterial products and metabolites (mainly endocannabinoid-related mediators, short-chain fatty acids, bile acids, catabolites of tryptophan, lipopolysaccharides) and subsequent alterations in gut barrier, altered metabolic homeostasis, insulin resistance and chronic, low-grade inflammation. Although animal studies point to the links between an "obesogenic" microbiota and the development of different obesity phenotypes, the translational value of these results in humans is still limited by the heterogeneity among studies, the high variation of gut microbiota over time and the lack of robust longitudinal studies adequately considering inter-individual confounders. Nevertheless, available evidence underscores the existence of several genera predisposing to obesity or, conversely, to lean and metabolically health phenotype (e.g., Akkermansia muciniphila, species from genera Faecalibacterium, Alistipes, Roseburia). Further longitudinal studies using metagenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics with exact characterization of confounders are needed in this field. Results must confirm that distinct genera and specific microbial-derived metabolites represent effective and precision interventions against overweight and obesity in the long-term.

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来源期刊
Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders
Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders 医学-内分泌学与代谢
CiteScore
14.70
自引率
1.20%
发文量
75
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders is an international journal dedicated to the field of endocrinology and metabolism. It aims to provide the latest advancements in this rapidly advancing field to students, clinicians, and researchers. Unlike other journals, each quarterly issue of this review journal focuses on a specific topic and features ten to twelve articles written by world leaders in the field. These articles provide brief overviews of the latest developments, offering insights into both the basic aspects of the disease and its clinical implications. This format allows individuals in all areas of the field, including students, academic clinicians, and practicing clinicians, to understand the disease process and apply their knowledge to their specific areas of interest. The journal also includes selected readings and other essential references to encourage further in-depth exploration of specific topics.
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