{"title":"人类关怀:一个概念分析。","authors":"Leila Ghanbari-Afra, Mohsen Adib-Hajbaghery, Mansour Dianati","doi":"10.34172/jcs.2022.21","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> Human caring combines science, art, and humanity. Humanity is the heart of care and interpersonal interactions. Despite the critical emphasis on human caring and concern for nursing care without humanity, there is no clear definition for human caring in nursing. This study aimed to analyze the concept of human caring. <b>Methods:</b> Walker and Avant's strategy for concept analysis was used. Electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Ovid, Google Scholar, Magiran, Iran Doc, SID, and a number of dictionaries were searched without any limitation in date. Search keywords were \"care\", \"caring\", \"human caring\", \"humanization\", \"patient care\", \"comprehensive care\" and \"nursing care\". We searched all documents published before September 2020. In the initial search, 1637 articles were found but finally, 39 relevant articles remained in the study. <b>Results:</b> The nine defining attributes of human caring were establishing therapeutic communication, presence at the patient bedside, empathy, providing scientific care, subjectivity, dynamicity, respecting the patient's rights and ethics of care, helping the patient achieve a feeling of well-being, and art and creativity. Antecedents of human caring were categorized into three categories namely, human, personal, and organizational factors. The consequences were also categorized into consequences related to nurse, profession, patient, and organization. <b>Conclusion:</b> A theoretical definition and a conceptual model of human caring were developed. This concept should be included in the nursing curricula at all undergraduate and graduate levels and even in nurses' in-service training programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":15317,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Caring Sciences","volume":"11 4","pages":"246-254"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/15/f9/jcs-11-246.PMC9720504.pdf","citationCount":"1","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Human Caring: A Concept Analysis.\",\"authors\":\"Leila Ghanbari-Afra, Mohsen Adib-Hajbaghery, Mansour Dianati\",\"doi\":\"10.34172/jcs.2022.21\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> Human caring combines science, art, and humanity. Humanity is the heart of care and interpersonal interactions. Despite the critical emphasis on human caring and concern for nursing care without humanity, there is no clear definition for human caring in nursing. This study aimed to analyze the concept of human caring. <b>Methods:</b> Walker and Avant's strategy for concept analysis was used. Electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Ovid, Google Scholar, Magiran, Iran Doc, SID, and a number of dictionaries were searched without any limitation in date. Search keywords were \\\"care\\\", \\\"caring\\\", \\\"human caring\\\", \\\"humanization\\\", \\\"patient care\\\", \\\"comprehensive care\\\" and \\\"nursing care\\\". We searched all documents published before September 2020. In the initial search, 1637 articles were found but finally, 39 relevant articles remained in the study. <b>Results:</b> The nine defining attributes of human caring were establishing therapeutic communication, presence at the patient bedside, empathy, providing scientific care, subjectivity, dynamicity, respecting the patient's rights and ethics of care, helping the patient achieve a feeling of well-being, and art and creativity. Antecedents of human caring were categorized into three categories namely, human, personal, and organizational factors. The consequences were also categorized into consequences related to nurse, profession, patient, and organization. <b>Conclusion:</b> A theoretical definition and a conceptual model of human caring were developed. This concept should be included in the nursing curricula at all undergraduate and graduate levels and even in nurses' in-service training programs.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":15317,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of Caring Sciences\",\"volume\":\"11 4\",\"pages\":\"246-254\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2022-10-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/15/f9/jcs-11-246.PMC9720504.pdf\",\"citationCount\":\"1\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of Caring Sciences\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.34172/jcs.2022.21\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Caring Sciences","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jcs.2022.21","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
摘要
人文关怀结合了科学、艺术和人性。人性是关怀和人际交往的核心。尽管人们批判地强调人的关怀,关注没有人性的护理,但护理中的人的关怀并没有明确的定义。本研究旨在分析人类关怀的概念。方法:采用Walker和Avant的概念分析策略。电子数据库如PubMed, Scopus, Ovid, Google Scholar, Magiran, Iran Doc, SID,和一些字典被搜索,没有任何日期限制。搜索关键词为“护理”、“关怀”、“人类关怀”、“人性化”、“病人护理”、“综合护理”和“护理”。我们检索了2020年9月之前发表的所有文件。在最初的搜索中,共找到1637篇文章,但最终只有39篇相关的文章留在了研究中。结果:人类关怀的9个定义属性为:建立治疗沟通、陪伴患者、共情、提供科学关怀、主体性、动态性、尊重患者的权利和护理伦理、帮助患者获得幸福感、艺术和创造力。人类关怀的前因可分为人因素、个人因素和组织因素三大类。结果还分为与护士、职业、患者和组织相关的结果。结论:建立了人类关怀的理论定义和概念模型。这个概念应该包括在所有本科和研究生阶段的护理课程中,甚至包括在护士在职培训计划中。
Introduction: Human caring combines science, art, and humanity. Humanity is the heart of care and interpersonal interactions. Despite the critical emphasis on human caring and concern for nursing care without humanity, there is no clear definition for human caring in nursing. This study aimed to analyze the concept of human caring. Methods: Walker and Avant's strategy for concept analysis was used. Electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Ovid, Google Scholar, Magiran, Iran Doc, SID, and a number of dictionaries were searched without any limitation in date. Search keywords were "care", "caring", "human caring", "humanization", "patient care", "comprehensive care" and "nursing care". We searched all documents published before September 2020. In the initial search, 1637 articles were found but finally, 39 relevant articles remained in the study. Results: The nine defining attributes of human caring were establishing therapeutic communication, presence at the patient bedside, empathy, providing scientific care, subjectivity, dynamicity, respecting the patient's rights and ethics of care, helping the patient achieve a feeling of well-being, and art and creativity. Antecedents of human caring were categorized into three categories namely, human, personal, and organizational factors. The consequences were also categorized into consequences related to nurse, profession, patient, and organization. Conclusion: A theoretical definition and a conceptual model of human caring were developed. This concept should be included in the nursing curricula at all undergraduate and graduate levels and even in nurses' in-service training programs.