Exactitud diagnóstica en el cáncer de esófago localizado. Estudio observacional retrospectivo.

Objective: To assess the accuracy of the diagnostic tests for a correct clinical tumor staging in localized esophageal cancer (EC).

Method: Retrospective observational study of patients who underwent esophagectomy for cancer in a referral hospital between January 2003 and September 2019. Those patients who received neoadjuvant treatment were excluded in order to avoid bias from downstaging effects. The preoperative stage was compared with the pathological stage of the surgical specimen. Computed tomography (CT) , endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and positron emission tomography (PET) were evaluated. The pT stage was correlated with the tumor length described in the esophagram (EG).

Results: Among the 63 patients included, the clinical staging was correct in 16 (global accuracy 25.4%), it was overstaged in 21 (33.2%) and understaged in 26 (41.3%). For cT staging, the accuracy of EUS was higher than that of CT (46.6% and 34.9%, respectively), specially for early stages. EG tumor length correlated with pT stage (p < 0.05). For cN staging, PET had the highest sensitivity (50.0%) and negative predictive value (75.0%).

Conclusions: Despite the multiple diagnostic tools used, the global accuracy of clinical staging in localized EC is still a challenge. The lack of a test that stands out significantly from the others reinforces the need to use them in a complementary way.