综合注意力与试验特异性注意力相比,可以提高较大的学龄前儿童的决策能力。

IF 1.6 3区 心理学 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Child Neuropsychology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI:10.1080/09297049.2022.2063269
Nancy Garon, Olivia Hecker, Andrea Kwan, Terese A Crocker, Sarah D English
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本研究探讨了在爱荷华州赌博任务的学前变体中,综合焦点(关注总体收益/损失的描述)与试验焦点(关注每次试验的收益/损失)对选择的影响。参与者包括65名学龄前儿童(M = 47.82, SD = 7.29)。孩子们完成了两个版本的学前赌博任务,三个冷静的执行功能任务,一个道德推理任务和一个情感视角任务。结果表明,综合注意力条件对游戏意识的提高有促进作用,但对决策选择的影响受年龄的调节;年龄较大的学龄前儿童在综合注意力条件下的决策能力有改善,而年龄较小的学龄前儿童没有表现出条件效应。进一步分析表明,优势选择的增加和条件效应的差异在一定程度上可以解释这些意识上的差异。此外,冷执行功能的一个组成部分(转移)与决策的后期阶段有关。研究结果还表明,有利的决策与道德/情感措施之间存在关联,这表明PGT可能是早期评估的潜在有用的临床工具。最后,当前研究的发现对热执行功能和冷执行功能如何协同工作以实现适应性决策具有启示意义。
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Integrated versus trial specific focus improves decision-making in older preschoolers.

This study explored the effect of integrated-focus (focusing on a depiction of overall gains/losses) versus trial-focus (focusing on gains/losses at each trial) on choice in a preschool variant of the Iowa Gambling task. Participants included 65 preschoolers (M = 47.82, SD = 7.29). Children completed two versions of the Preschool Gambling task, three cool executive function tasks, a moral reasoning task, and an affective perspective taking task. The results indicated that while the integrated-focus condition led to improvement in the awareness of the game, the condition effect was moderated by age for decision-making choice; older preschoolers showed improvement in decision-making in the integrated focus condition, while younger preschoolers showed no condition effect. Further analysis indicated that differences in the increase of advantageous choice across blocks and the condition effect were partly explained by these differences in awareness. Furthermore, a component of cool executive function (shifting) was associated with the latter phase of decision-making. The findings additionally indicated an association of advantageous decision-making with moral/emotional measures, suggesting that the PGT may be a potentially useful clinical tool for early assessment. Finally, the findings of the current study have implications for how hot and cool executive function abilities may work together to enable adaptive decisions.

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来源期刊
Child Neuropsychology
Child Neuropsychology 医学-临床神经学
CiteScore
4.10
自引率
9.10%
发文量
71
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: The purposes of Child Neuropsychology are to: publish research on the neuropsychological effects of disorders which affect brain functioning in children and adolescents, publish research on the neuropsychological dimensions of development in childhood and adolescence and promote the integration of theory, method and research findings in child/developmental neuropsychology. The primary emphasis of Child Neuropsychology is to publish original empirical research. Theoretical and methodological papers and theoretically relevant case studies are welcome. Critical reviews of topics pertinent to child/developmental neuropsychology are encouraged. Emphases of interest include the following: information processing mechanisms; the impact of injury or disease on neuropsychological functioning; behavioral cognitive and pharmacological approaches to treatment/intervention; psychosocial correlates of neuropsychological dysfunction; definitive normative, reliability, and validity studies of psychometric and other procedures used in the neuropsychological assessment of children and adolescents. Articles on both normal and dysfunctional development that are relevant to the aforementioned dimensions are welcome. Multiple approaches (e.g., basic, applied, clinical) and multiple methodologies (e.g., cross-sectional, longitudinal, experimental, multivariate, correlational) are appropriate. Books, media, and software reviews will be published.
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