朝觐群众集会期间热相关疾病的危险因素:专家评论。

IF 3 4区 医学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Reviews on Environmental Health Pub Date : 2023-03-28 DOI:10.1515/reveh-2021-0097
Saber Yezli
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引用次数: 7

摘要

人类暴露在炎热的环境中可能会导致各种与热有关的疾病(HRIs),其严重程度从轻度和中度到危及生命的中暑。朝觐是全球规模最大的年度群众集会之一,历史上一直与人力资源管理人员有关。朝觐吸引了来自180多个国家的200多万穆斯林朝圣者前往沙特阿拉伯王国的圣城麦加。一些可改变和不可改变的因素使得朝觐朝圣者在朝觐期间发生HRIs的风险增加。这些因素包括朝觐的特点、地点、人口和仪式,以及朝觐者对HRIs的了解及其态度和行为。麦加的特点是炎热的沙漠气候和波动的相对湿度。朝圣者在种族和地理上都非常多样化,对热的适应也各不相同。很大比例的朝觐人口是老年人,肥胖和低水平的健康。此外,许多人有潜在的健康问题,并且正在服用多种药物,这些药物可能会干扰体温调节。其他因素是朝觐及其活动固有的,包括拥挤、体力要求高的户外仪式,以及感染和发热性疾病的高频率。朝圣者通常缺乏对人力资源风险的认识,他们采取的预防措施也各不相同。此外,许多人从事危险的行为,增加了他们的HRIs风险。其中包括在日照高峰时间进行仪式,没有防晒,睡眠、营养和水分不足,同时忽视对慢性疾病的治疗。HRIs的朝觐预防计划应包括解决上述因素的措施,以减轻未来朝觐季节这些疾病的负担。从朝觐中吸取的经验教训可以为全世界普通民众的政策制定和人力资源风险预防措施提供信息。
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Risk factors for heat-related illnesses during the Hajj mass gathering: an expert review.

Human exposure to a hot environment may result in various heat-related illnesses (HRIs), which range in severity from mild and moderate forms to life-threatening heatstroke. The Hajj is one of the largest annual mass gatherings globally and has historically been associated with HRIs. Hajj attracts over two million Muslim pilgrims from more than 180 countries to the holy city of Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Several modifiable and non-modifiable factors render Hajj pilgrims at increased risk of developing HRIs during Hajj. These include characteristics of the Hajj, its location, population, and rituals, as well as pilgrims' knowledge of HRIs and their attitude and behavior. Makkah is characterized by a hot desert climate and fluctuating levels of relative humidity. Pilgrims are very diverse ethnically and geographically, with different adaptations to heat. Significant proportions of the Hajj population are elderly, obese, and with low levels of fitness. In addition, many have underlying health conditions and are on multiple medications that can interfere with thermoregulation. Other factors are inherent in the Hajj and its activities, including crowding, physically demanding outdoor rituals, and a high frequency of infection and febrile illness. Pilgrims generally lack awareness of HRIs, and their uptake of preventive measures is variable. In addition, many engage in hazardous behaviors that increase their risk of HRIs. These include performing rituals during the peak sunshine hours with no sun protection and with suboptimal sleep, nutrition, and hydration, while neglecting treatment for their chronic conditions. HRIs preventive plans for Hajj should incorporate measures to address the aforementioned factors to reduce the burden of these illnesses in future Hajj seasons. Lessons from the Hajj can be used to inform policy making and HRIs preventive measures in the general population worldwide.

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来源期刊
Reviews on Environmental Health
Reviews on Environmental Health Social Sciences-Health (social science)
CiteScore
7.20
自引率
2.60%
发文量
75
期刊介绍: Reviews on Environmental Health (REVEH) is an international peer-reviewed journal that aims to fill the need for publication of review articles on hot topics in the field of environmental health. Reviews on Environmental Health aims to be an inspiring forum for scientists, environmentalists, physicians, engineers, and students who are concerned with aspects of human health, including quality of life, that are determined by physiological and psychosociological interactions between man and physical, chemical, biological, and social factors in the environment. Reviews on Environmental Health is an important niche served by no other journal, that’s being a site where thoughtful reviews can be published on a variety of subjects related to both health and environment. One challenge is to bridge the research on environmental causes of disease with the clinical practice of medicine. Reviews on Environmental Health is a source of integrated information on environment and health subjects that will be of value to the broad scientific community, whether students, junior and senior professionals, or clinicians.
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