Siti Nurfahirah Muhamad, Nur Shabrina Azreen Mohd Shabri, James David Cotter, Annette Bolton, Vivien How, Fang Lee Lim, Abdah Md Akim, Karmegam Karuppiah
Introduction: Climate change is raising global temperatures, leading to more extreme heat events, even in temperate climates like Aotearoa|New Zealand (A|NZ). The impact of rising temperatures and the adequacy of planning measures remain underexplored. This paper highlights A|NZ's anticipated heat-health challenges by analyzing vulnerable populations and assessing current response systems, thereby reinforcing the need for system-level redress, mitigation and adaptation.
Content: A scoping review examined the impact of heat and existing mitigation and adaptation responses for vulnerable populations in temperate regions, with a focus on A|NZ. Additionally, temperature trend analysis was conducted for current and projected trends using Climate CHIP for six major heat-affected cities in A|NZ to assess the recognition of heat as a societal concern.
Summary and outlook: The review identified mitigation and adaptation strategies for existing vulnerable groups and discovered other potential vulnerable groups in A|NZ, including Indigenous people (Māori), Pacific communities, low-income groups, migrants, and visitors. Temperature trends show an increasing pattern, suggesting heightened future heat-related impacts on these populations. This review reveals A|NZ's growing vulnerability to rising temperatures, particularly among high-risk groups, and calls for stronger mitigation and adaptation strategies to address future heat-health risks.
{"title":"Adapting to heat-health vulnerability in temperate climates: current adaptation and mitigation responses and future predictions in Aotearoa New Zealand.","authors":"Siti Nurfahirah Muhamad, Nur Shabrina Azreen Mohd Shabri, James David Cotter, Annette Bolton, Vivien How, Fang Lee Lim, Abdah Md Akim, Karmegam Karuppiah","doi":"10.1515/reveh-2024-0101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2024-0101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Climate change is raising global temperatures, leading to more extreme heat events, even in temperate climates like Aotearoa|New Zealand (A|NZ). The impact of rising temperatures and the adequacy of planning measures remain underexplored. This paper highlights A|NZ's anticipated heat-health challenges by analyzing vulnerable populations and assessing current response systems, thereby reinforcing the need for system-level redress, mitigation and adaptation.</p><p><strong>Content: </strong>A scoping review examined the impact of heat and existing mitigation and adaptation responses for vulnerable populations in temperate regions, with a focus on A|NZ. Additionally, temperature trend analysis was conducted for current and projected trends using Climate CHIP for six major heat-affected cities in A|NZ to assess the recognition of heat as a societal concern.</p><p><strong>Summary and outlook: </strong>The review identified mitigation and adaptation strategies for existing vulnerable groups and discovered other potential vulnerable groups in A|NZ, including Indigenous people (Māori), Pacific communities, low-income groups, migrants, and visitors. Temperature trends show an increasing pattern, suggesting heightened future heat-related impacts on these populations. This review reveals A|NZ's growing vulnerability to rising temperatures, particularly among high-risk groups, and calls for stronger mitigation and adaptation strategies to address future heat-health risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":21165,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on Environmental Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142676773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plastic waste enters the oceans and soil and is consumed by organisms and humans. Some of the ingested microplastics may remain in the human body and cause toxicity. We conducted a systematic review to estimate the extent to which humans are exposed to microplastics through consumption and performed a quality assessment of research results. We searched for studies published up to December 2023 and included studies that reported on the characteristics and estimated intake of microplastics. The quality assessment tool reported in previous studies was used for food and drinking water studies. We included 76 studies in the analysis, and the types of foods were classified into seven categories: seafood, drinking water, table salt, fruits and vegetables, beverages, condiments, and meat. The estimated daily intake of microplastics via food was 0.0002-1,531,524 MP/day, with the highest value in bottled water. The quality of food and drinking water studies was evaluated using a quantitative tool to assess reliability. The quality of food studies was 11.50 out of 20 points and the quality of drinking water studies was 11.16 out of 19 points. These results indicate that the closer the score is to the maximum, the more reliable the research findings. The quantitative assessment can be used as an indicator for evaluating the risks of microplastics and can help reduce biases that may occur during the research process. This study confirmed microplastics in foods and human exposure to up to one million microplastics daily. Our study emphasizes the potential for microplastic exposure through food intake and subsequent accumulation in the human body; therefore, efforts are needed to reduce exposure to microplastics in daily life.
{"title":"A systematic review and quality assessment of estimated daily intake of microplastics through food.","authors":"Su Ji Heo, Nalae Moon, Ju Hee Kim","doi":"10.1515/reveh-2024-0111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2024-0111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plastic waste enters the oceans and soil and is consumed by organisms and humans. Some of the ingested microplastics may remain in the human body and cause toxicity. We conducted a systematic review to estimate the extent to which humans are exposed to microplastics through consumption and performed a quality assessment of research results. We searched for studies published up to December 2023 and included studies that reported on the characteristics and estimated intake of microplastics. The quality assessment tool reported in previous studies was used for food and drinking water studies. We included 76 studies in the analysis, and the types of foods were classified into seven categories: seafood, drinking water, table salt, fruits and vegetables, beverages, condiments, and meat. The estimated daily intake of microplastics via food was 0.0002-1,531,524 MP/day, with the highest value in bottled water. The quality of food and drinking water studies was evaluated using a quantitative tool to assess reliability. The quality of food studies was 11.50 out of 20 points and the quality of drinking water studies was 11.16 out of 19 points. These results indicate that the closer the score is to the maximum, the more reliable the research findings. The quantitative assessment can be used as an indicator for evaluating the risks of microplastics and can help reduce biases that may occur during the research process. This study confirmed microplastics in foods and human exposure to up to one million microplastics daily. Our study emphasizes the potential for microplastic exposure through food intake and subsequent accumulation in the human body; therefore, efforts are needed to reduce exposure to microplastics in daily life.</p>","PeriodicalId":21165,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on Environmental Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142473530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Throughout the history of medicine, clinical decision-making strategies have largely been dependent on the implementation of novel technologies. Artificial intelligence (AI) has not only made a leap into a new dimension of medical measures & decisions' shaping but has also served as a strategic backup of medical practice. Due to its nature, and military technologies in use, the Gulf War (1990-1991) is considered to be the verge of the contemporary warfare era. Soldiers had been engaged into a highly complex military operation theatre contaminated with both chemical and radiological noxious agents, and burdened with side-effects of prophylactic measurements. The aim of this review is to present a comprehensive approach to clinical decision-making strategy using the Gulf War veterans' syndrome as an example. The model is based on the processing of all data coming from the military operation theatre and their unification with medical data, so as to obtain the final product, i.e., the decision needed for a personalised therapeutic approach. Due to the complexity and a huge amount of data gathered at a given location in a given time, the functioning of this model unanimously calls for the interlace between military system AI and that of the medical sector.
{"title":"Comprehensive approach to clinical decision-making strategy, illustrated by the Gulf War.","authors":"Ante Vučemilović, Mirela Volf","doi":"10.1515/reveh-2024-0070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2024-0070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Throughout the history of medicine, clinical decision-making strategies have largely been dependent on the implementation of novel technologies. Artificial intelligence (AI) has not only made a leap into a new dimension of medical measures & decisions' shaping but has also served as a strategic backup of medical practice. Due to its nature, and military technologies in use, the Gulf War (1990-1991) is considered to be the verge of the contemporary warfare era. Soldiers had been engaged into a highly complex military operation theatre contaminated with both chemical and radiological noxious agents, and burdened with side-effects of prophylactic measurements. The aim of this review is to present a comprehensive approach to clinical decision-making strategy using the Gulf War veterans' syndrome as an example. The model is based on the processing of all data coming from the military operation theatre and their unification with medical data, so as to obtain the final product, i.e., the decision needed for a personalised therapeutic approach. Due to the complexity and a huge amount of data gathered at a given location in a given time, the functioning of this model unanimously calls for the interlace between military system AI and that of the medical sector.</p>","PeriodicalId":21165,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on Environmental Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142473531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sina Arabi, Motahar Heidari-Beni, Parinaz Poursafa, Minaalsadat Roshanaei, Roya Kelishadi
Atrazine is a widely used chlorinated triazine herbicide in agricultural settings, which has raised concerns over its potential adverse effects on human health. The extensive application of atrazine has resulted in its pervasive presence in the environment, contaminating soil, groundwater, and surface water. While earlier research suggested that atrazine is unlikely to pose a health concern, recent evidence has indicated the necessity to reassess this point of view. This review aims to assess the recent evidence on atrazine's adverse effects on human health, focusing on (i) Cancer, (ii) Metabolic Diseases, (iii) Reproductive System, (iv) Neural System, and (v) Epigenetic Effects. Strategies to mitigate atrazine contamination and limitations of previous studies are also discussed. We strongly believe that further investigation is necessary to determine the potential detrimental consequences of atrazine in humans, particularly in developing countries, where herbicides are widely used without stringent safety regulations. Therefore, the current review will be beneficial for guiding future research and regulatory measures concerning the use of atrazine.
{"title":"A review of the potential adverse health impacts of atrazine in humans.","authors":"Sina Arabi, Motahar Heidari-Beni, Parinaz Poursafa, Minaalsadat Roshanaei, Roya Kelishadi","doi":"10.1515/reveh-2024-0094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2024-0094","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Atrazine is a widely used chlorinated triazine herbicide in agricultural settings, which has raised concerns over its potential adverse effects on human health. The extensive application of atrazine has resulted in its pervasive presence in the environment, contaminating soil, groundwater, and surface water. While earlier research suggested that atrazine is unlikely to pose a health concern, recent evidence has indicated the necessity to reassess this point of view. This review aims to assess the recent evidence on atrazine's adverse effects on human health, focusing on (i) Cancer, (ii) Metabolic Diseases, (iii) Reproductive System, (iv) Neural System, and (v) Epigenetic Effects. Strategies to mitigate atrazine contamination and limitations of previous studies are also discussed. We strongly believe that further investigation is necessary to determine the potential detrimental consequences of atrazine in humans, particularly in developing countries, where herbicides are widely used without stringent safety regulations. Therefore, the current review will be beneficial for guiding future research and regulatory measures concerning the use of atrazine.</p>","PeriodicalId":21165,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on Environmental Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142294201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fatemeh Zanbili, Peyman Gozali Balkanloo, Ahmad Poursattar Marjani
The escalating issue of environmental pollutants necessitates efficient, sustainable, and innovative wastewater treatment technologies. This review comprehensively analyzes the mechanisms and isotherms underlying the adsorption processes of semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN) polysaccharide-based hydrogels to remove heavy metal ions and dyes from wastewater. Polysaccharides are extensively utilized in hydrogel synthesis due to their biocompatibility, cost-effectiveness, and non-toxic nature. The synthesis of these hydrogels as semi-IPNs enhances their mechanical and structural robustness and adsorption capacity. This review explores the key parameters affecting adsorption performance, including pH, temperature, contact time, and adsorbent dosage. Findings highlight that semi-IPN polysaccharide-based hydrogels exhibit remarkable adsorption capabilities through electrostatic interactions, ion exchange, and surface complexation. Furthermore, this review highlights the distinct advantages of semi-IPNs over other polymer networks. Semi-IPNs offer improved mechanical stability, higher adsorption efficiencies, and better reusability, making them a promising solution for wastewater treatment. Detailed isotherm models, including Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, were studied to understand these hydrogels' adsorption behavior and capacity for different pollutants. This study highlights the potential of semi-IPN polysaccharide-based hydrogels as effective adsorbents for heavy metals and dyes and as a promising solution for mitigating environmental pollution. The insights provided herein contribute to developing advanced materials for environmental remediation, aligning with global sustainability goals, and advancing wastewater treatment technology.
{"title":"Semi-IPN polysaccharide-based hydrogels for effective removal of heavy metal ions and dyes from wastewater: a comprehensive investigation of performance and adsorption mechanism.","authors":"Fatemeh Zanbili, Peyman Gozali Balkanloo, Ahmad Poursattar Marjani","doi":"10.1515/reveh-2024-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2024-0004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The escalating issue of environmental pollutants necessitates efficient, sustainable, and innovative wastewater treatment technologies. This review comprehensively analyzes the mechanisms and isotherms underlying the adsorption processes of semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN) polysaccharide-based hydrogels to remove heavy metal ions and dyes from wastewater. Polysaccharides are extensively utilized in hydrogel synthesis due to their biocompatibility, cost-effectiveness, and non-toxic nature. The synthesis of these hydrogels as semi-IPNs enhances their mechanical and structural robustness and adsorption capacity. This review explores the key parameters affecting adsorption performance, including pH, temperature, contact time, and adsorbent dosage. Findings highlight that semi-IPN polysaccharide-based hydrogels exhibit remarkable adsorption capabilities through electrostatic interactions, ion exchange, and surface complexation. Furthermore, this review highlights the distinct advantages of semi-IPNs over other polymer networks. Semi-IPNs offer improved mechanical stability, higher adsorption efficiencies, and better reusability, making them a promising solution for wastewater treatment. Detailed isotherm models, including Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, were studied to understand these hydrogels' adsorption behavior and capacity for different pollutants. This study highlights the potential of semi-IPN polysaccharide-based hydrogels as effective adsorbents for heavy metals and dyes and as a promising solution for mitigating environmental pollution. The insights provided herein contribute to developing advanced materials for environmental remediation, aligning with global sustainability goals, and advancing wastewater treatment technology.</p>","PeriodicalId":21165,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on Environmental Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142140924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lucas Vilas Bôas Correia, Talita Trindade de Moraes, Aparecida Marta Regina Dos Santos Pereira, Gabriel Carvalhal de Aguiar, Milena de Barros Viana, Daniel Araki Ribeiro, Regina Cláudia Barbosa da Silva
The present review aimed to evaluate the apoptotic effect of tributyltin (TBT) exposure on mammalian tissues and cells in vivo. A search was conducted in specialized literature databases including Embase, Medline, Pubmed, Scholar Google, and Scopus for all manuscripts using the following keywords: "tributyltin", "apoptosis", "mammals", "mammalian cells', "eukaryotic cells", 'rodents', "rats", "mice" and "in vivo" for all data published until September 2023. A total of 16 studies were included. The studies have demonstrated that TBT exposure induces apoptosis in cells from various mammalian organs or tissues in vivo. TBT is capable to increase apoptotic cells, to activate proapoptotic proteins such as calpain, caspases, bax and beclin-1 and to inhibit antiapoptotic protein bcl-2. Additionally, TBT alters the ratio of bcl-2/bax which favor apoptosis. Therefore, the activation of enzymes such as calpain induces apoptosis mediated by ERS and caspases through the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. This review has demonstrated that TBT exposure induces apoptosis in mammalian tissues and cells in vivo.
{"title":"Tributyltin induces apoptosis in mammalian cells <i>in vivo</i>: a scoping review.","authors":"Lucas Vilas Bôas Correia, Talita Trindade de Moraes, Aparecida Marta Regina Dos Santos Pereira, Gabriel Carvalhal de Aguiar, Milena de Barros Viana, Daniel Araki Ribeiro, Regina Cláudia Barbosa da Silva","doi":"10.1515/reveh-2023-0152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2023-0152","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present review aimed to evaluate the apoptotic effect of tributyltin (TBT) exposure on mammalian tissues and cells <i>in vivo</i>. A search was conducted in specialized literature databases including Embase, Medline, Pubmed, Scholar Google, and Scopus for all manuscripts using the following keywords: \"tributyltin\", \"apoptosis\", \"mammals\", \"mammalian cells', \"eukaryotic cells\", 'rodents', \"rats\", \"mice\" and \"<i>in vivo</i>\" for all data published until September 2023. A total of 16 studies were included. The studies have demonstrated that TBT exposure induces apoptosis in cells from various mammalian organs or tissues <i>in vivo</i>. TBT is capable to increase apoptotic cells, to activate proapoptotic proteins such as calpain, caspases, bax and beclin-1 and to inhibit antiapoptotic protein bcl-2. Additionally, TBT alters the ratio of bcl-2/bax which favor apoptosis. Therefore, the activation of enzymes such as calpain induces apoptosis mediated by ERS and caspases through the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. This review has demonstrated that TBT exposure induces apoptosis in mammalian tissues and cells <i>in vivo</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":21165,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on Environmental Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141890022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ester Zamarrón, Pablo Mariscal, Carlos Carpio, Lucía Esteban, Rodolfo Álvarez-Sala, María Concepción Prados
Cystic fibrosis is the most common autosomal recessive disease in the Caucasian race. Its course is chronic and progressive, with pulmonary involvement being associated with greater morbidity and mortality. One of the factors most related to worse prognosis in these patients is respiratory exacerbations. Although limited, there is evidence demonstrating that increased exposure to environmental pollution, both acute and chronic, is associated with an increase in these exacerbations. It is crucial to fully understand this relationship in order to attempt to improve the respiratory health of these patients. That is why the available evidence is reviewed and measures are established to reduce exposure to pollutants.
{"title":"The role of environmental pollution in the development of pulmonary exacerbations in cystic fibrosis: a narrative review.","authors":"Ester Zamarrón, Pablo Mariscal, Carlos Carpio, Lucía Esteban, Rodolfo Álvarez-Sala, María Concepción Prados","doi":"10.1515/reveh-2024-0068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2024-0068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cystic fibrosis is the most common autosomal recessive disease in the Caucasian race. Its course is chronic and progressive, with pulmonary involvement being associated with greater morbidity and mortality. One of the factors most related to worse prognosis in these patients is respiratory exacerbations. Although limited, there is evidence demonstrating that increased exposure to environmental pollution, both acute and chronic, is associated with an increase in these exacerbations. It is crucial to fully understand this relationship in order to attempt to improve the respiratory health of these patients. That is why the available evidence is reviewed and measures are established to reduce exposure to pollutants.</p>","PeriodicalId":21165,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on Environmental Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141788919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Microplastics (MPs) as an atmospheric pollutant are currently receiving widespread attention. Although atmospheric MPs have been extensively studied, due to different research methods, systematic comparisons of atmospheric MPs are still needed. This review critically reviewed the analytical methods, research status and potential human exposure. In this review, the detection principles, advantages and limitations of different visual and chemical analysis methods are reported, and the potential risks of MPs to the human are also introduced. Based on future research about the human risks, emphasized the importance of establishing standardized research methods.
{"title":"Analytical methods, source, concentration, and human risks of microplastics: a review.","authors":"Han Zheng, Huibin Guo","doi":"10.1515/reveh-2024-0066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2024-0066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microplastics (MPs) as an atmospheric pollutant are currently receiving widespread attention. Although atmospheric MPs have been extensively studied, due to different research methods, systematic comparisons of atmospheric MPs are still needed. This review critically reviewed the analytical methods, research status and potential human exposure. In this review, the detection principles, advantages and limitations of different visual and chemical analysis methods are reported, and the potential risks of MPs to the human are also introduced. Based on future research about the human risks, emphasized the importance of establishing standardized research methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":21165,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on Environmental Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141627568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
John W. Frank, Ronald L. Melnick, Joel M. Moskowitz
The World Health Organization (WHO) in 2012 initiated an expert consultation about research on the health effects of radio-frequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) for a WHO monograph that was last updated in 1993. The project was abandoned over concerns about the quality of the commissioned review papers. The WHO restarted the project in 2019 by commissioning 10 systematic reviews (SRs) of the research on RF-EMF exposure and adverse biological and health outcomes in laboratory animals, cell cultures, and human populations. The second of these SRs, published in 2024, addresses human observational studies of RF-EMF exposure and non-specific symptoms, including tinnitus, migraine/headache, and sleep disturbance. The present commentary is a critical appraisal of the scientific quality of this SR (SR7) employing criteria developed by the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. Based upon our review, we call for a retraction of SR7 and an impartial investigation by unconflicted experts of the currently available evidence and future research priorities.
世界卫生组织(WHO)于 2012 年启动了一项专家咨询,内容是关于射频电磁场(RF-EMF)对健康影响的研究,WHO 专著的上一次更新是在 1993 年。由于担心委托审查论文的质量,该项目被放弃。世卫组织于 2019 年重启该项目,委托对实验室动物、细胞培养物和人类群体中射频电磁场暴露与不良生物学和健康结果的研究进行 10 次系统性审查(SR)。其中第二份系统综述于 2024 年发表,涉及射频-电磁场暴露与非特异性症状(包括耳鸣、偏头痛/头痛和睡眠障碍)的人类观察性研究。本评论采用牛津循证医学中心(Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine)制定的标准,对该 SR(SR7)的科学质量进行了严格评估。根据我们的评论,我们呼吁撤回 SR7,并由无异议专家对现有证据和未来研究重点进行公正调查。
{"title":"A critical appraisal of the WHO 2024 systematic review of the effects of RF-EMF exposure on tinnitus, migraine/headache, and non-specific symptoms","authors":"John W. Frank, Ronald L. Melnick, Joel M. Moskowitz","doi":"10.1515/reveh-2024-0069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2024-0069","url":null,"abstract":"The World Health Organization (WHO) in 2012 initiated an expert consultation about research on the health effects of radio-frequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) for a WHO monograph that was last updated in 1993. The project was abandoned over concerns about the quality of the commissioned review papers. The WHO restarted the project in 2019 by commissioning 10 systematic reviews (SRs) of the research on RF-EMF exposure and adverse biological and health outcomes in laboratory animals, cell cultures, and human populations. The second of these SRs, published in 2024, addresses human observational studies of RF-EMF exposure and non-specific symptoms, including tinnitus, migraine/headache, and sleep disturbance. The present commentary is a critical appraisal of the scientific quality of this SR (SR7) employing criteria developed by the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. Based upon our review, we call for a retraction of SR7 and an impartial investigation by unconflicted experts of the currently available evidence and future research priorities.","PeriodicalId":21165,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on Environmental Health","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141612823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Élyse Caron-Beaudoin, Hélène Akpo, Mary M Doyle-Waters, Lisa A Ronald, Michael Friesen, Tim Takaro, Karen Leven, Ulrike Meyer, Margaret J McGregor
Many chemicals associated with unconventional oil and natural gas (UOG) are known toxicants, leading to health concerns about the effects of UOG. Our objective was to conduct a scoping review of the toxicological literature to assess the effects of UOG chemical exposures in models relevant to human health. We searched databases for primary research studies published in English or French between January 2000 and June 2023 on UOG-related toxicology studies. Two reviewers independently screened abstracts and full texts to determine inclusion. Seventeen studies met our study inclusion criteria. Nine studies used solely in vitro models, while six conducted their investigation solely in animal models. Two studies incorporated both types of models. Most studies used real water samples impacted by UOG or lab-made mixtures of UOG chemicals to expose their models. Most in vitro models used human cells in monocultures, while all animal studies were conducted in rodents. All studies detected significant deleterious effects associated with exposure to UOG chemicals or samples, including endocrine disruption, carcinogenicity, behavioral changes and metabolic alterations. Given the plausibility of causal relationships between UOG chemicals and adverse health outcomes highlighted in this review, future risk assessment studies should focus on measuring exposure to UOG chemicals in human populations.
{"title":"The human health effects of unconventional oil and gas (UOG) chemical exposures: a scoping review of the toxicological literature.","authors":"Élyse Caron-Beaudoin, Hélène Akpo, Mary M Doyle-Waters, Lisa A Ronald, Michael Friesen, Tim Takaro, Karen Leven, Ulrike Meyer, Margaret J McGregor","doi":"10.1515/reveh-2024-0076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2024-0076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many chemicals associated with unconventional oil and natural gas (UOG) are known toxicants, leading to health concerns about the effects of UOG. Our objective was to conduct a scoping review of the toxicological literature to assess the effects of UOG chemical exposures in models relevant to human health. We searched databases for primary research studies published in English or French between January 2000 and June 2023 on UOG-related toxicology studies. Two reviewers independently screened abstracts and full texts to determine inclusion. Seventeen studies met our study inclusion criteria. Nine studies used solely <i>in vitro</i> models, while six conducted their investigation solely in animal models. Two studies incorporated both types of models. Most studies used real water samples impacted by UOG or lab-made mixtures of UOG chemicals to expose their models. Most <i>in vitro</i> models used human cells in monocultures, while all animal studies were conducted in rodents. All studies detected significant deleterious effects associated with exposure to UOG chemicals or samples, including endocrine disruption, carcinogenicity, behavioral changes and metabolic alterations. Given the plausibility of causal relationships between UOG chemicals and adverse health outcomes highlighted in this review, future risk assessment studies should focus on measuring exposure to UOG chemicals in human populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":21165,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on Environmental Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141564181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}