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Adapting to heat-health vulnerability in temperate climates: current adaptation and mitigation responses and future predictions in Aotearoa New Zealand. 适应温带气候中的热健康脆弱性:新西兰奥特亚罗瓦当前的适应和缓解对策及未来预测。
IF 3 4区 医学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2024-0101
Siti Nurfahirah Muhamad, Nur Shabrina Azreen Mohd Shabri, James David Cotter, Annette Bolton, Vivien How, Fang Lee Lim, Abdah Md Akim, Karmegam Karuppiah

Introduction: Climate change is raising global temperatures, leading to more extreme heat events, even in temperate climates like Aotearoa|New Zealand (A|NZ). The impact of rising temperatures and the adequacy of planning measures remain underexplored. This paper highlights A|NZ's anticipated heat-health challenges by analyzing vulnerable populations and assessing current response systems, thereby reinforcing the need for system-level redress, mitigation and adaptation.

Content: A scoping review examined the impact of heat and existing mitigation and adaptation responses for vulnerable populations in temperate regions, with a focus on A|NZ. Additionally, temperature trend analysis was conducted for current and projected trends using Climate CHIP for six major heat-affected cities in A|NZ to assess the recognition of heat as a societal concern.

Summary and outlook: The review identified mitigation and adaptation strategies for existing vulnerable groups and discovered other potential vulnerable groups in A|NZ, including Indigenous people (Māori), Pacific communities, low-income groups, migrants, and visitors. Temperature trends show an increasing pattern, suggesting heightened future heat-related impacts on these populations. This review reveals A|NZ's growing vulnerability to rising temperatures, particularly among high-risk groups, and calls for stronger mitigation and adaptation strategies to address future heat-health risks.

导言:气候变化使全球气温升高,导致极端高温事件增多,即使在新西兰奥特亚罗瓦(Aotearoa|New Zealand,A|NZ)这样的温带气候地区也是如此。人们对气温上升的影响以及规划措施的充分性仍然缺乏研究。本文通过分析易受影响的人群和评估当前的应对系统,强调了新西兰预期的高温健康挑战,从而强化了在系统层面进行补救、缓解和适应的必要性:内容:通过范围审查,研究了高温对温带地区弱势群体的影响以及现有的缓解和适应对策,重点关注新西兰。此外,还利用气候CHIP对新西兰六个受高温影响的主要城市的当前和预测趋势进行了气温趋势分析,以评估社会对高温问题的认识:审查确定了新西兰现有弱势群体的减缓和适应战略,并发现了其他潜在的弱势群体,包括土著居民(毛利人)、太平洋社区、低收入群体、移民和游客。气温趋势呈上升趋势,这表明未来与高温有关的影响会对这些人群产生更大的影响。本报告揭示了新西兰越来越容易受到气温上升的影响,特别是在高危人群中,并呼吁采取更有力的减缓和适应战略来应对未来的高温健康风险。
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引用次数: 0
A systematic review and quality assessment of estimated daily intake of microplastics through food. 对通过食物摄入的微塑料日估计摄入量进行系统综述和质量评估。
IF 3 4区 医学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2024-0111
Su Ji Heo, Nalae Moon, Ju Hee Kim

Plastic waste enters the oceans and soil and is consumed by organisms and humans. Some of the ingested microplastics may remain in the human body and cause toxicity. We conducted a systematic review to estimate the extent to which humans are exposed to microplastics through consumption and performed a quality assessment of research results. We searched for studies published up to December 2023 and included studies that reported on the characteristics and estimated intake of microplastics. The quality assessment tool reported in previous studies was used for food and drinking water studies. We included 76 studies in the analysis, and the types of foods were classified into seven categories: seafood, drinking water, table salt, fruits and vegetables, beverages, condiments, and meat. The estimated daily intake of microplastics via food was 0.0002-1,531,524 MP/day, with the highest value in bottled water. The quality of food and drinking water studies was evaluated using a quantitative tool to assess reliability. The quality of food studies was 11.50 out of 20 points and the quality of drinking water studies was 11.16 out of 19 points. These results indicate that the closer the score is to the maximum, the more reliable the research findings. The quantitative assessment can be used as an indicator for evaluating the risks of microplastics and can help reduce biases that may occur during the research process. This study confirmed microplastics in foods and human exposure to up to one million microplastics daily. Our study emphasizes the potential for microplastic exposure through food intake and subsequent accumulation in the human body; therefore, efforts are needed to reduce exposure to microplastics in daily life.

塑料垃圾进入海洋和土壤,被生物和人类食用。摄入的部分微塑料可能会残留在人体内并导致中毒。我们进行了一项系统性综述,以估算人类通过消费接触微塑料的程度,并对研究结果进行了质量评估。我们搜索了截至 2023 年 12 月发表的研究,并纳入了报告微塑料特征和估计摄入量的研究。以往研究中报告的质量评估工具被用于食品和饮用水研究。我们在分析中纳入了 76 项研究,并将食物类型分为七类:海鲜、饮用水、食盐、水果和蔬菜、饮料、调味品和肉类。据估计,每天从食物中摄入的微塑料为 0.0002-1,531,524 兆帕/天,其中瓶装水的微塑料摄入量最高。采用定量工具对食品和饮用水研究的质量进行了可靠性评估。食品研究质量为 11.50 分(满分 20 分),饮用水研究质量为 11.16 分(满分 19 分)。这些结果表明,得分越接近最高分,研究结果越可靠。定量评估可作为评价微塑料风险的指标,有助于减少研究过程中可能出现的偏差。这项研究证实,食品中含有微塑料,人类每天接触的微塑料多达一百万个。我们的研究强调了通过摄入食物接触微塑料并随后在人体内积累的可能性;因此,需要努力减少日常生活中接触微塑料的机会。
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引用次数: 0
Comprehensive approach to clinical decision-making strategy, illustrated by the Gulf War. 以海湾战争为例来说明临床决策战略的综合方法。
IF 3 4区 医学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2024-0070
Ante Vučemilović, Mirela Volf

Throughout the history of medicine, clinical decision-making strategies have largely been dependent on the implementation of novel technologies. Artificial intelligence (AI) has not only made a leap into a new dimension of medical measures & decisions' shaping but has also served as a strategic backup of medical practice. Due to its nature, and military technologies in use, the Gulf War (1990-1991) is considered to be the verge of the contemporary warfare era. Soldiers had been engaged into a highly complex military operation theatre contaminated with both chemical and radiological noxious agents, and burdened with side-effects of prophylactic measurements. The aim of this review is to present a comprehensive approach to clinical decision-making strategy using the Gulf War veterans' syndrome as an example. The model is based on the processing of all data coming from the military operation theatre and their unification with medical data, so as to obtain the final product, i.e., the decision needed for a personalised therapeutic approach. Due to the complexity and a huge amount of data gathered at a given location in a given time, the functioning of this model unanimously calls for the interlace between military system AI and that of the medical sector.

纵观医学史,临床决策策略在很大程度上依赖于新技术的实施。人工智能(AI)不仅为医疗措施和决策的制定带来了新的飞跃,而且还成为医疗实践的战略后盾。海湾战争(1990-1991 年)由于其性质和所使用的军事技术,被认为是当代战争时代的开端。士兵们进入了一个高度复杂的军事行动区,受到化学和放射性有害制剂的污染,并承受着预防性措施的副作用。本综述旨在以海湾战争退伍军人综合症为例,介绍临床决策策略的综合方法。该模型的基础是处理来自军事行动区的所有数据,并将其与医疗数据统一起来,从而获得最终产品,即个性化治疗方法所需的决策。由于在特定时间和特定地点收集的数据非常复杂且数量巨大,因此该模型的运行需要军事系统人工智能和医疗部门人工智能的相互配合。
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引用次数: 0
A review of the potential adverse health impacts of atrazine in humans. 综述阿特拉津对人类健康的潜在不利影响。
IF 3 4区 医学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2024-0094
Sina Arabi, Motahar Heidari-Beni, Parinaz Poursafa, Minaalsadat Roshanaei, Roya Kelishadi

Atrazine is a widely used chlorinated triazine herbicide in agricultural settings, which has raised concerns over its potential adverse effects on human health. The extensive application of atrazine has resulted in its pervasive presence in the environment, contaminating soil, groundwater, and surface water. While earlier research suggested that atrazine is unlikely to pose a health concern, recent evidence has indicated the necessity to reassess this point of view. This review aims to assess the recent evidence on atrazine's adverse effects on human health, focusing on (i) Cancer, (ii) Metabolic Diseases, (iii) Reproductive System, (iv) Neural System, and (v) Epigenetic Effects. Strategies to mitigate atrazine contamination and limitations of previous studies are also discussed. We strongly believe that further investigation is necessary to determine the potential detrimental consequences of atrazine in humans, particularly in developing countries, where herbicides are widely used without stringent safety regulations. Therefore, the current review will be beneficial for guiding future research and regulatory measures concerning the use of atrazine.

阿特拉津是一种在农业环境中广泛使用的氯化三嗪除草剂,它对人类健康的潜在不利影响引起了人们的关注。阿特拉津的广泛应用导致其普遍存在于环境中,污染土壤、地下水和地表水。虽然早期的研究表明阿特拉津不太可能对健康造成影响,但最近的证据表明有必要重新评估这一观点。本综述旨在评估有关阿特拉津对人类健康不利影响的最新证据,重点关注 (i) 癌症、(ii) 代谢疾病、(iii) 生殖系统、(iv) 神经系统和 (v) 表观遗传效应。此外,还讨论了减轻阿特拉津污染的策略和以往研究的局限性。我们坚信,有必要开展进一步调查,以确定阿特拉津对人体可能造成的有害后果,尤其是在发展中国家,因为这些国家广泛使用除草剂,却没有严格的安全法规。因此,本综述将有助于指导今后有关阿特拉津使用的研究和监管措施。
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引用次数: 0
Semi-IPN polysaccharide-based hydrogels for effective removal of heavy metal ions and dyes from wastewater: a comprehensive investigation of performance and adsorption mechanism. 用于有效去除废水中重金属离子和染料的半 IPN 多糖基水凝胶:性能和吸附机理的综合研究。
IF 3 4区 医学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2024-0004
Fatemeh Zanbili, Peyman Gozali Balkanloo, Ahmad Poursattar Marjani

The escalating issue of environmental pollutants necessitates efficient, sustainable, and innovative wastewater treatment technologies. This review comprehensively analyzes the mechanisms and isotherms underlying the adsorption processes of semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN) polysaccharide-based hydrogels to remove heavy metal ions and dyes from wastewater. Polysaccharides are extensively utilized in hydrogel synthesis due to their biocompatibility, cost-effectiveness, and non-toxic nature. The synthesis of these hydrogels as semi-IPNs enhances their mechanical and structural robustness and adsorption capacity. This review explores the key parameters affecting adsorption performance, including pH, temperature, contact time, and adsorbent dosage. Findings highlight that semi-IPN polysaccharide-based hydrogels exhibit remarkable adsorption capabilities through electrostatic interactions, ion exchange, and surface complexation. Furthermore, this review highlights the distinct advantages of semi-IPNs over other polymer networks. Semi-IPNs offer improved mechanical stability, higher adsorption efficiencies, and better reusability, making them a promising solution for wastewater treatment. Detailed isotherm models, including Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, were studied to understand these hydrogels' adsorption behavior and capacity for different pollutants. This study highlights the potential of semi-IPN polysaccharide-based hydrogels as effective adsorbents for heavy metals and dyes and as a promising solution for mitigating environmental pollution. The insights provided herein contribute to developing advanced materials for environmental remediation, aligning with global sustainability goals, and advancing wastewater treatment technology.

环境污染物问题日益严重,需要高效、可持续和创新的废水处理技术。本综述全面分析了半互穿聚合物网络(semi-IPN)多糖水凝胶吸附废水中重金属离子和染料的机理和等温线。多糖因其生物相容性、成本效益和无毒性而被广泛用于水凝胶合成。将这些水凝胶合成为半 IPN 可增强其机械和结构的坚固性以及吸附能力。本综述探讨了影响吸附性能的关键参数,包括 pH 值、温度、接触时间和吸附剂用量。研究结果突出表明,基于半 IPN 多糖的水凝胶通过静电相互作用、离子交换和表面络合作用表现出卓越的吸附能力。此外,本综述还强调了半 IPN 相对于其他聚合物网络的独特优势。半 IPN 具有更高的机械稳定性、更高的吸附效率和更好的重复利用率,使其成为一种前景广阔的废水处理解决方案。为了了解这些水凝胶对不同污染物的吸附行为和吸附能力,我们研究了详细的等温线模型,包括 Langmuir 等温线和 Freundlich 等温线。这项研究强调了半 IPN 多糖水凝胶作为重金属和染料的有效吸附剂的潜力,以及作为缓解环境污染的一种有前途的解决方案的潜力。本文所提供的见解有助于开发用于环境修复的先进材料,与全球可持续发展目标保持一致,并推动废水处理技术的发展。
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引用次数: 0
Tributyltin induces apoptosis in mammalian cells in vivo: a scoping review. 三丁基锡诱导哺乳动物体内细胞凋亡:范围综述。
IF 3 4区 医学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-06 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2023-0152
Lucas Vilas Bôas Correia, Talita Trindade de Moraes, Aparecida Marta Regina Dos Santos Pereira, Gabriel Carvalhal de Aguiar, Milena de Barros Viana, Daniel Araki Ribeiro, Regina Cláudia Barbosa da Silva

The present review aimed to evaluate the apoptotic effect of tributyltin (TBT) exposure on mammalian tissues and cells in vivo. A search was conducted in specialized literature databases including Embase, Medline, Pubmed, Scholar Google, and Scopus for all manuscripts using the following keywords: "tributyltin", "apoptosis", "mammals", "mammalian cells', "eukaryotic cells", 'rodents', "rats", "mice" and "in vivo" for all data published until September 2023. A total of 16 studies were included. The studies have demonstrated that TBT exposure induces apoptosis in cells from various mammalian organs or tissues in vivo. TBT is capable to increase apoptotic cells, to activate proapoptotic proteins such as calpain, caspases, bax and beclin-1 and to inhibit antiapoptotic protein bcl-2. Additionally, TBT alters the ratio of bcl-2/bax which favor apoptosis. Therefore, the activation of enzymes such as calpain induces apoptosis mediated by ERS and caspases through the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. This review has demonstrated that TBT exposure induces apoptosis in mammalian tissues and cells in vivo.

本综述旨在评估三丁基锡(TBT)暴露对哺乳动物体内组织和细胞的凋亡效应。我们使用以下关键词在 Embase、Medline、Pubmed、Scholar Google 和 Scopus 等专业文献数据库中检索了所有手稿:"三丁基锡"、"细胞凋亡"、"哺乳动物"、"哺乳动物细胞"、"真核细胞"、"啮齿动物"、"大鼠"、"小鼠 "和 "体内",搜索截至 2023 年 9 月发表的所有数据。共纳入 16 项研究。这些研究表明,暴露于三丁基锡化合物会诱导体内各种哺乳动物器官或组织的细胞凋亡。三丁基锡化合物能够增加凋亡细胞,激活促凋亡蛋白,如 calpain、caspases、bax 和 beclin-1,并抑制抗凋亡蛋白 bcl-2。此外,三丁基锡化合物还会改变 bcl-2/bax 的比例,从而有利于细胞凋亡。因此,钙蛋白酶(calpain)等酶的激活会诱导由 ERS 和 caspases 通过内在凋亡途径介导的细胞凋亡。本综述表明,暴露于三丁基锡化合物可诱导哺乳动物体内组织和细胞凋亡。
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引用次数: 0
The role of environmental pollution in the development of pulmonary exacerbations in cystic fibrosis: a narrative review. 环境污染在囊性纤维化肺部恶化中的作用:叙述性综述。
IF 3 4区 医学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-07-30 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2024-0068
Ester Zamarrón, Pablo Mariscal, Carlos Carpio, Lucía Esteban, Rodolfo Álvarez-Sala, María Concepción Prados

Cystic fibrosis is the most common autosomal recessive disease in the Caucasian race. Its course is chronic and progressive, with pulmonary involvement being associated with greater morbidity and mortality. One of the factors most related to worse prognosis in these patients is respiratory exacerbations. Although limited, there is evidence demonstrating that increased exposure to environmental pollution, both acute and chronic, is associated with an increase in these exacerbations. It is crucial to fully understand this relationship in order to attempt to improve the respiratory health of these patients. That is why the available evidence is reviewed and measures are established to reduce exposure to pollutants.

囊性纤维化是高加索人种中最常见的常染色体隐性遗传病。其病程为慢性和进行性,肺部受累与更高的发病率和死亡率相关。与这些患者预后恶化最相关的因素之一是呼吸道疾病加重。尽管证据有限,但有证据表明,更多暴露于环境污染(包括急性和慢性污染)与这些病情加重的增加有关。充分了解这种关系对于改善这些患者的呼吸系统健康至关重要。因此,我们对现有证据进行了审查,并制定了减少接触污染物的措施。
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引用次数: 0
Analytical methods, source, concentration, and human risks of microplastics: a review. 微塑料的分析方法、来源、浓度和对人类的风险:综述。
IF 3 4区 医学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-07-17 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2024-0066
Han Zheng, Huibin Guo

Microplastics (MPs) as an atmospheric pollutant are currently receiving widespread attention. Although atmospheric MPs have been extensively studied, due to different research methods, systematic comparisons of atmospheric MPs are still needed. This review critically reviewed the analytical methods, research status and potential human exposure. In this review, the detection principles, advantages and limitations of different visual and chemical analysis methods are reported, and the potential risks of MPs to the human are also introduced. Based on future research about the human risks, emphasized the importance of establishing standardized research methods.

微塑料(MPs)作为一种大气污染物,目前正受到广泛关注。尽管对大气中的微塑料进行了广泛的研究,但由于研究方法不同,仍需要对大气中的微塑料进行系统的比较。本综述对分析方法、研究现状和潜在的人类暴露进行了严格审查。综述报告了不同目测和化学分析方法的检测原理、优势和局限性,并介绍了 MPs 对人体的潜在风险。基于对人类风险的未来研究,强调了建立标准化研究方法的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
A critical appraisal of the WHO 2024 systematic review of the effects of RF-EMF exposure on tinnitus, migraine/headache, and non-specific symptoms 对世界卫生组织 2024 年关于暴露于射频-电磁场对耳鸣、偏头痛/头痛和非特异性症状的影响的系统综述进行批判性评估
IF 3.9 4区 医学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2024-0069
John W. Frank, Ronald L. Melnick, Joel M. Moskowitz
The World Health Organization (WHO) in 2012 initiated an expert consultation about research on the health effects of radio-frequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) for a WHO monograph that was last updated in 1993. The project was abandoned over concerns about the quality of the commissioned review papers. The WHO restarted the project in 2019 by commissioning 10 systematic reviews (SRs) of the research on RF-EMF exposure and adverse biological and health outcomes in laboratory animals, cell cultures, and human populations. The second of these SRs, published in 2024, addresses human observational studies of RF-EMF exposure and non-specific symptoms, including tinnitus, migraine/headache, and sleep disturbance. The present commentary is a critical appraisal of the scientific quality of this SR (SR7) employing criteria developed by the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. Based upon our review, we call for a retraction of SR7 and an impartial investigation by unconflicted experts of the currently available evidence and future research priorities.
世界卫生组织(WHO)于 2012 年启动了一项专家咨询,内容是关于射频电磁场(RF-EMF)对健康影响的研究,WHO 专著的上一次更新是在 1993 年。由于担心委托审查论文的质量,该项目被放弃。世卫组织于 2019 年重启该项目,委托对实验室动物、细胞培养物和人类群体中射频电磁场暴露与不良生物学和健康结果的研究进行 10 次系统性审查(SR)。其中第二份系统综述于 2024 年发表,涉及射频-电磁场暴露与非特异性症状(包括耳鸣、偏头痛/头痛和睡眠障碍)的人类观察性研究。本评论采用牛津循证医学中心(Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine)制定的标准,对该 SR(SR7)的科学质量进行了严格评估。根据我们的评论,我们呼吁撤回 SR7,并由无异议专家对现有证据和未来研究重点进行公正调查。
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引用次数: 0
The human health effects of unconventional oil and gas (UOG) chemical exposures: a scoping review of the toxicological literature. 非常规石油和天然气 (UOG) 化学品暴露对人类健康的影响:毒理学文献范围综述。
IF 3 4区 医学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2024-0076
Élyse Caron-Beaudoin, Hélène Akpo, Mary M Doyle-Waters, Lisa A Ronald, Michael Friesen, Tim Takaro, Karen Leven, Ulrike Meyer, Margaret J McGregor

Many chemicals associated with unconventional oil and natural gas (UOG) are known toxicants, leading to health concerns about the effects of UOG. Our objective was to conduct a scoping review of the toxicological literature to assess the effects of UOG chemical exposures in models relevant to human health. We searched databases for primary research studies published in English or French between January 2000 and June 2023 on UOG-related toxicology studies. Two reviewers independently screened abstracts and full texts to determine inclusion. Seventeen studies met our study inclusion criteria. Nine studies used solely in vitro models, while six conducted their investigation solely in animal models. Two studies incorporated both types of models. Most studies used real water samples impacted by UOG or lab-made mixtures of UOG chemicals to expose their models. Most in vitro models used human cells in monocultures, while all animal studies were conducted in rodents. All studies detected significant deleterious effects associated with exposure to UOG chemicals or samples, including endocrine disruption, carcinogenicity, behavioral changes and metabolic alterations. Given the plausibility of causal relationships between UOG chemicals and adverse health outcomes highlighted in this review, future risk assessment studies should focus on measuring exposure to UOG chemicals in human populations.

与非常规石油和天然气 (UOG) 相关的许多化学品都是已知的有毒物质,这导致了人们对 UOG 的健康影响的担忧。我们的目标是对毒理学文献进行一次范围界定,以评估在与人类健康相关的模型中接触 UOG 化学物质的影响。我们在数据库中搜索了 2000 年 1 月至 2023 年 6 月间以英文或法文发表的关于 UOG 相关毒理学研究的主要研究报告。两名审稿人独立筛选摘要和全文,以确定是否纳入研究。17项研究符合我们的研究纳入标准。九项研究仅使用了体外模型,六项研究仅使用了动物模型。有两项研究同时使用了这两种模型。大多数研究使用受 UOG 影响的真实水样或实验室制造的 UOG 化学品混合物来暴露其模型。大多数体外模型使用的是单培养的人体细胞,而所有动物研究都是在啮齿动物身上进行的。所有研究都检测到与接触 UOG 化学品或样本有关的重大有害影响,包括内分泌干扰、致癌性、行为变化和新陈代谢改变。鉴于本综述中强调的 UOG 化学品与不良健康结果之间的因果关系的合理性,未来的风险评估研究应侧重于测量人类暴露于 UOG 化学品的情况。
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引用次数: 0
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