Pleural effusion

If fluid collects in between the pleural layers the patient is deemed to have a pleural effusion. A pleural effusion can occur unilaterally (affecting the pleural space of one lung) or bilaterally (affecting both lungs). Pleural effusion is a very common presentation for a variety of different pathologies. This chapter provides the definition, aetiology, and clinical features of pleural effusion. Investigations (chest X-ray, ultrasound, thorax CT, pleural aspiration, LDH, and cytology among others) and management are included. Specific aspects of nursing care, including symptom control, care of drains and wound sites, and the provision of information and patient support are outlined.