Trends and Considerations of Self-Efficacy of STEM Education in Malaysia

Concerns about student engagement and participation in STEM education in school are growing as the trend shows that students are becoming less interested in choosing STEM areas in school. This is compounded by the trend of 72.1 percent of SPM students choosing not to continue their studies at the college and college level in 2022. As a result, the country's ability to provide expertise in science, technology, engineering and vocational training cannot be met and implemented according to market demand and the development of the Industrial Revolution 4.0. The purpose of this study is to investigate and evaluate the effect of self-efficacy and its relationship with STEM education in schools. The concept of this study incorporates the findings of previous studies focusing on self-efficacy and STEM education perspective. The conceptual framework of the study also discusses the self-efficacy model, which can enhance students' confidence in career development. This study can help participating researchers or agencies identify and assess self-efficacy factors as variables that can be used to strengthen and inform students' school engagement (STEM).