转型还是延续?移民危机后的欧盟对外移民政策

Natasja Reslow
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引用次数: 1

摘要

2015年,有130万人在欧盟28个成员国之一提交了庇护申请。移民流入的巨大增长震撼了欧洲,并在欧盟边境引发了非同寻常的场面,在欧盟成员国和欧盟机构内部和之间引发了激烈的政治冲突,并就如何应对展开了影响深远的公众辩论。“移民危机”带来的挑战可以被视为一种关键节点,它提出了欧盟移民和庇护政策将何去何从的问题。本章通过考察其对欧盟外部移民政策的内容和形式的影响,为“危机”的新兴学术文献做出了贡献。文章提出了一个问题:自2015年以来,欧盟对外移民政策发生了多大程度的变化?首先,从公共政策文献中得出了评估“政策变化”的分析框架。然后,通过文件分析,将该框架应用于对“移民危机”的主要外部化政策反应:欧洲移民议程;瓦莱塔峰会;欧盟-土耳其声明;以及移民伙伴关系框架。因此,分析揭示了欧盟外部移民政策在过去两年中变化的程度,这种变化是如何发生的,以及政策变化与“移民危机”之间的关系。结论概述了政策变化和政策稳定性的理论解释,将在未来的研究中进行实证检验。
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Transformation or continuity? EU external migration policy in the aftermath of the migration crisis
In 2015, 1.3 million people filed asylum applications in one of the EU28 Member States. This enormous increase in migration inflows shook Europe and led to extraordinary scenes at the EU’s borders, intense political conflict both within and between the EU Member States and EU institutions, and far-reaching public debates on how to respond. The challenges posed by the ‘migration crisis’ can be seen as a type of critical juncture, which raises the question of where EU migration and asylum policies go from here. This chapter contributes to the fledgling academic literature on the ‘crisis’ by examining its effect on the content and form of EU external migration policy. The paper asks: to what extent has EU external migration policy changed since 2015? First an analytical framework for assessing ‘policy change’ is derived from the public policy literature. This framework is then applied, through a document analysis, to the main externalised policy responses to the ‘migration crisis’: the European Agenda on Migration; the Valletta summit; the EU-Turkey Statement; and the Migration Partnership Framework. The analysis thus reveals the extent to which EU external migration policy has changed over the past 2 years, how this change has played out, and the relationship between policy change and the ‘migration crisis’. The conclusion outlines theoretical explanations for policy change and policy stability, to be put to an empirical test in future research.
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