Benchmarking of a GSM Dual-band Planar Monopole Antenna

Thanks to an increasing level of integration in microelectronics, the antenna is often the largest component in a wireless system. Antenna research has seen several attempts to make the complete system as compact as possible. It is important to keep in mind the theoretical limitations to this miniaturization. Wheeler [1] was the first to explain how the efficiencybandwidth product of an antenna is ultimately limited by its size relative to the operational wavelength. The computation of the minimum radiation Q of an antenna has been studied in detail by Chu [2], Collin and Rothschild [3], and more recently McLean [4]. The minimum radiation Q of a linearly polarized, lossless antenna is found to be given by