共享电动滑板车对城市温室气体排放的影响:里加案例

Aivars Rubenis, A. Laizāns, A. Zvirbule
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摘要

由于电力推进,电动滑板车可能是减少城市交通部门温室气体(GHG)排放的潜在途径;然而,最近的研究对这种说法提出了质疑。本文通过检查2021年里加市电动滑板车季节获得的电动滑板车出行数据,重点研究电动滑板车使用对二氧化碳排放的影响。由于共享滑板车经常取代现有的交通方式,本文分析了这种替代对城市二氧化碳净排放量的影响。我们认为,并不是所有的替代模式都能带来二氧化碳排放量的实际减少。结果表明,里加的大多数共享电动滑板车出行都在1-2公里的范围内,它不仅取代了汽车,还取代了公共交通、步行和骑自行车,实际上增加了二氧化碳排放。本文考察了导致二氧化碳排放的因素以及每个因素的相对影响。结果表明,最大的影响来自滑板车和电池制造,因此滑板车寿命对总体净二氧化碳排放量具有决定性影响。此外,该研究还发现,共享滑板车运营商声称的预期滑板车寿命数据(5年)与平均实际寿命数据(156天)之间存在根本差异。它导致共享电动滑板车在里加产生额外的239.9吨二氧化碳,而共享滑板车的最低使用寿命应至少为5年,以实现二氧化碳中和。本研究旨在通过展示净二氧化碳排放计算方法以及东北欧洲地区电动滑板车出行的经验证据,为交通运输文献做出贡献,并帮助地方当局做出决定,以实现交通运输部门的环境目标。
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EFFECT OF SHARED ELECTRIC SCOOTERS ON URBAN GREEN HOUSE GAS EMISSIONS: CASE OF RIGA
Because of the electric propulsion, electric scooters could be a potential way how to decrease greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in urban transportation sector; however, recent research has cast doubt on that. This article focuses on the effect the electric scooter use has on CO2 emissions by examining the electric scooter trip data obtained during 2021 scooter season in Riga city. As shared scooters routinely replace already existing modes of transportation, the article analyses the effect which this replacement has on net CO2 emissions in the city. We argue that not all replacement modes will bring actual decrease of CO2 emissions. The results indicate that most of the shared e-scooter trips in Riga fall into the 1-2 km distance category, where it replaces not just cars, but also public transportation, walking and cycling, and actually increases CO2 emissions. The article examines the factors contributing to the CO2 emissions and relative impact of each. The results demonstrate that the largest impact comes from the scooter and battery manufacturing, thus scooter lifetime has decisive impact on the overall net CO2 emissions. In addition, this research found fundamental differences between expected scooter lifetime data claimed by shared scooter operators (5 years) and the average reallife data (156 days). It results in shared e-scooters creating additional 239.9 tonnes CO2 in Riga, and minimum scooter lifetime should be at least 5 years, for shared scooters to become CO2 neutral. This study aims to contribute to transportation literature by demonstrating net CO2 emission calculation methodology as well as empirical evidence on e-scooter trips in North-Eastern Europe region and to help local authorities to make decisions on reaching environmental targets in transportation sector.
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