2019冠状病毒病大流行在欧洲:挑战和寻找答案

A. Kyrydon, Svitlana Kosjak, Serhiy Troyan
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The world community, including all its regional segments, faced an unprecedented challenge of chronic disease, which belongs to asymmetric shocks that begin with a small shock and then quickly cover the whole world. Conclusions. The outbreak of the coronavirus disease at the beginning of 2020 came as a surprise to the whole world. The World Health Organization belatedly, but in March 2020, announced the pandemic and the need for a serious and urgent fight against it. The first patients with Covid-19 in European countries appeared in January 2020. At the same time, the first deaths from the coronavirus disease were recorded in Europe. Already in the first months of the pandemic, Italy, Spain, and France faced its severe consequences, including a large number of deaths. Most European countries, including Ukraine, have introduced strict restrictive measures, including mass self-isolation, restrictions on economic and trade activities, termination of the educational process with its subsequent transfer to distance education, etc. Almost all available resources of the national health care systems were mobilized to fight the pandemic. Sweden’s public policy to combat the spread of the pandemic was outstanding in the European democratic space. The Swedish model of public policy to combat the Covid-19 pandemic was based on the principle of public responsibility and reliance on a highly developed national health care system. The main place in the approach of the Swedish government to this problem was taken by the course on the development of collective immunity. The principle of voluntariness, which did not involve the introduction of a nationwide quarantine, played an important role. 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引用次数: 0

摘要

在欧盟各国应对Covid-19大流行的前夕,对欧洲国家政策的主要方面进行了研究和概括,并研究了瑞典模式在未来防止类似威胁的特点和有效性,这违反了本条的宗旨。这项研究的科学新颖性是由于欧洲和现代全球化和相互依存的世界所面临的挑战和普遍威胁的严重性。鉴于2020年初人类面临的Covid-19大流行的全球规模和规模,这一点尤为重要。国际社会,包括其所有区域部分,面临着慢性病的前所未有的挑战,这种疾病属于不对称冲击,始于小冲击,然后迅速覆盖整个世界。结论。2020年初爆发的新冠肺炎疫情震惊了全世界。世界卫生组织姗姗来迟,但在2020年3月宣布了这一流行病,并宣布需要认真和紧急地抗击它。2020年1月,欧洲国家出现了第一批新冠肺炎患者。与此同时,欧洲出现了冠状病毒病的首批死亡病例。在大流行的头几个月,意大利、西班牙和法国已经面临严重后果,包括大量死亡。包括乌克兰在内的大多数欧洲国家都采取了严格的限制措施,包括大规模自我隔离、限制经济和贸易活动、终止教育进程并随后转向远程教育等。几乎调动了国家卫生保健系统的所有可用资源来防治这一流行病。瑞典防治这一流行病蔓延的公共政策在欧洲民主领域是杰出的。瑞典应对新冠肺炎大流行的公共政策模式基于公共责任原则,并依赖高度发达的国家卫生保健体系。在瑞典政府处理这一问题的方法中,关于发展集体豁免的课程占据了主要地位。没有实行全国隔离的自愿原则发挥了重要作用。在最初阶段,瑞典的限制性措施是温和的,主要是推荐性的,并且基于情境反应原则。瑞典政府没有对经济采取严格的措施和限制,建议企业和机构改用远程办公。瑞典是欧盟唯一一个在欧洲新冠肺炎疫情最严重时没有实施封锁的国家。此外,还强调了保持社会距离、保持个人卫生、帮助老人的必要性。总体而言,瑞典经济和商业活动的下降幅度小于其他欧洲联盟国家。与此同时,受新冠肺炎疫情影响,年平均死亡率显著上升。总的来说,总结欧洲联盟各国抗击冠状病毒大流行的经验和成果,研究瑞典抗击冠状病毒疾病模式的特点的有效性,应有助于欧洲各国和社会在面对全球化世界的现代威胁和挑战时提高抵御能力。
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THE COVID–19 PANDEMIC IN EUROPE: CHALLENGES AND THE SEARCH FOR ANSWERS
The purpose of the article is violated in the studied and generalization of the main aspects of the policy of the European state, on the eve of the countries of the European Union, regarding countering the spread of the Covid-19 pandemic and the study of the features and effectiveness of the Swedish model to prevent similar threats in the future. The scientific novelty of the study is due to the seriousness of the challenges and the threat of a universal nature both for Europe and for the modern globalized and interdependent world. This is especially important given the global scale and scale of the Covid-19 pandemic that humanity has faced in early 2020. The world community, including all its regional segments, faced an unprecedented challenge of chronic disease, which belongs to asymmetric shocks that begin with a small shock and then quickly cover the whole world. Conclusions. The outbreak of the coronavirus disease at the beginning of 2020 came as a surprise to the whole world. The World Health Organization belatedly, but in March 2020, announced the pandemic and the need for a serious and urgent fight against it. The first patients with Covid-19 in European countries appeared in January 2020. At the same time, the first deaths from the coronavirus disease were recorded in Europe. Already in the first months of the pandemic, Italy, Spain, and France faced its severe consequences, including a large number of deaths. Most European countries, including Ukraine, have introduced strict restrictive measures, including mass self-isolation, restrictions on economic and trade activities, termination of the educational process with its subsequent transfer to distance education, etc. Almost all available resources of the national health care systems were mobilized to fight the pandemic. Sweden’s public policy to combat the spread of the pandemic was outstanding in the European democratic space. The Swedish model of public policy to combat the Covid-19 pandemic was based on the principle of public responsibility and reliance on a highly developed national health care system. The main place in the approach of the Swedish government to this problem was taken by the course on the development of collective immunity. The principle of voluntariness, which did not involve the introduction of a nationwide quarantine, played an important role. At the initial stage) the restrictive measures in Sweden were mild, were mainly of a recommendatory nature, and were based on the principle of situational response. The Swedish government did not introduce strict measures and restrictions for the economy, businesses and institutions were recommended to switch to remote work. Sweden was the only country in the European Union that did not introduce a lockdown at the height of the Covid-19 pandemic in Europe. In addition, the need to observe social distance, personal hygiene, and help the elderly was emphasized. The decline in economic and business activity in general was smaller in Sweden than in other European Union countries. At the same time, under the influence of the Covid-19 pandemic, the average annual mortality rates have increased significantly. In general, the generalization of the experience and results of the fight against the coronavirus pandemic in the countries of the European Union, the study of the effectiveness of the features of the Swedish model of combating the coronavirus disease should contribute to greater resilience of the states and societies of Europe in the face of modern threats and challenges of the globalized world.
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