抗击热带土壤退化:氮肥作为气候智能型玉米战略的作用(zea mays l .)生产性栽培

Monday Sunday Adiaha
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引用次数: 1

摘要

多年来,人类面临的挑战包括粮食不安全、水土资源流失以及相关的生态系统干扰。发展中国家的饥饿人口比例持续上升,造成死亡和营养不良。粮食短缺、粮食不安全或营养不良已成为全球性问题,尤其是在气候变化对全球造成负面影响的情况下,资源贫乏的非洲国家记录的情况更为严重。土壤是推动农业部门发展的自然资本,是作物/动物养殖的坚实基础,也是为工业和家庭生产提供动力的原材料生产媒介。土壤的固有质量受到多种因素的影响,包括过度降雨等气候变率,这些因素最终会将养分淋滤到下游,从而导致肥料/农用化学品残留物污染水体。与大多数热带湿润土壤一样,尼日利亚土壤的固有质量普遍较低,在极端情况下导致施用养分迅速退化和作物全欠收。最常见的土地利用/农业系统,加上过度放牧和滥伐森林的问题,以及随之而来的城市化和工业化的人口迅速扩张,往往加剧了这种情况。为了实现有效的土壤管理,特别是在气候变化的情况下,对农业生产的气候智能型战略(CSS)的需求变得势在必行,另一方面,为了人类的有效生存,需要找到一种可持续的方法(SA)来推动粮食生产。为了高效生产玉米(Zea mays L.),矿质肥料的施用成为人类/动物食品生产的一个重要方面。在克罗斯河理工大学的教学和研究农场(北纬6°06;东经8°18;E)进行了实地试验,以评估氮肥作为气候智能型方法(CSA)在潮湿热带地区可持续玉米生产中的潜力。玉米种子品种Ikom地方白按0.078 kg hm -1水平施氮肥。治疗采用随机完全区组设计(RCBD)。该处理重复了4次,总共有16块田地。植株生长参数(叶片数和玉米株高)的数据采集采用方差分析(ANOVA),处理间显著均值采用5%概率水平的最小显著差异(LSD)分离。结果表明,施氮量为0.078 kg hm -1的地块玉米的生长参数显著高于对照(p小于0.05)。研究结果表明,施用0.078 kg hm -1氮肥时,玉米植株间距为1m,可促进作物生长,并可作为CSA,弥补湿润热带土壤生产力的快速退化,提高环境可持续性。
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COMBATING TROPICAL SOIL DEGRADATION: THE ROLE OF NITROGEN FERTILIZER AS A CLIMATE-SMART STRATEGY TOWARDS MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.) PRODUCTIVE CULTIVATION
Challenges facing humanity over the years include food insecurity, loss of soil and water resources and associated ecosystem disturbance. The rate of hungry people in developing world keeps on increasing and causing death and malnutrition. Food shortages, food insecurity or undernourishment has assumed a global dimension especially as climate change hits the globe with its negative impacts, with more severe cases recorded in the poor-resource African countries. Soil is the natural capital which drives the agricultural sector, being a strong-hole for crop/animal farming, apart-from being a medium for production of raw materials which powers industrial and domestic production. The inherent quality of soil is impaired by various factors including climate variability like excessive rainfall, which ends-up leaching nutrients downstream, thereby resulting in contamination of water bodies with fertilizer/agro-chemical residues. Like most tropical humid soils, the inherent quality of Nigerian soils is generally low, causing rapid degradation of applied nutrients and total crop failure in extreme cases. This has most often been exacerbated by most prevalent land use/agricultural systems, coupled with the problem of over-grazing and indiscriminate deforestation, alongside rapid population expansion with consequent urbanization and industrialization. For effective soil management, especially in the face of climate change, the need for Climate-Smart Strategy (CSS) towards agricultural production becomes imperative, inother to find a Sustainable Approach (SA) to man’s drive towards food production for effective survival. For efficient maize (Zea mays L.) production, application of mineral fertilizer becomes an important aspect for human/animal food production. Field experimentation was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Cross River University of Technology (Latitude 6° 06ꞌ N and Longitude 8° 18ꞌ E), to evaluate the potential of Nitrogen fertilizer as a Climate-Smart Approach (CSA) for sustainable maize production in the humid tropics. Maize seed variety: Ikom Local White were treated to one level of Nitrogen fertilizer at 0.078 kg ha-1. The treatment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The treatment were replicated four time to give a total of sixteen (16) field plots. Data collection on plant growth parameters (number of leaves and height of maize) were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), while significant means among treatments were separated using Least Significant Difference (LSD) at 5% probability level. Result obtained showed that plots treated with 0.078 kg ha-1 of Nitrogen fertilizer (N-Fertilizer) significantly (p˂0.05) increase growth parameter of maize over the control. Outcome of the study concluded that 0.078 kg ha-1 of N-Fertilizer applied to Maize planted at 1m spacing between plants on bed increase crop growth, and acts as a CSA to remedy the rapid degradation of humid tropical soil productivity, and for environmental sustainability.  
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