M. Romashchenko, R. V. S. Doctor of Engineering Sciences, Ph. V.P. Panteleev, S. R. G. Doctor of Economy Sciences
The practice of EU countries on the establishment of water tariffs for irrigation of agricultural crops and the procedures for recouping funds spent on water supply for irrigation is considered. As the main sources of information for the manuscript were noted publications and regulatory documents of Ukraine, reports of EU bodies, and the World Bank, in which a critical analysis of pricing practices in irrigated agriculture in EU countries for 2005-2023 was carried out. The grouping of information on the area of irrigated land, the level of return of funds spent on water supply, and attention is paid to a methodical approach to the development of tariffs for water transportation. The interpretation of the reasons for the natural character, which were guided by state management bodies when applying economic tools for irrigation management in their territories, are presented. For certain countries with big areas of irrigated land (Italy, France, Greece, Spain, Portugal, and Romania), significant achievements of tariff formation and reimbursement of funds have been determined. Aspects of water tariff formation, water accounting, development of water user associations, and taxation of water fees are disclosed. countries were classified according to water pricing, taking into account the state of water resources and melioration systems, types of tariffs, pricing mechanisms, the state of return of funds spent on water supply due to tariffs, measurement of water volumes, as well as solving additional problems of applying economic tools in irrigated agriculture – institutional (administrative, legal) measures, the impact of water charges on the country’s agricultural economy, etc. Since the requirements of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) are the dominant approach in the implementation of tariff formation in irrigation in EU countries, the level of achievement of indicators of the quality of WFD implementation by countries was considered. It has been established that the vast majority of global practices for forming tariffs for water supply services for irrigation, capital investments in reclamation infrastructure, and its maintenance, show that they are based both on national interests and on the interest of water users and organizations that provide logistical support.
{"title":"ANALYSIS OF METHODICAL APPROACHES TO THE FORMATION OF WATER TARIFFS FOR IRRIGATION AND COMPENSATION OF COSTS FOR RECLAMATION INFRASTRUCTURE: THE EXPERIENCE OF EU COUNTRIES","authors":"M. Romashchenko, R. V. S. Doctor of Engineering Sciences, Ph. V.P. Panteleev, S. R. G. Doctor of Economy Sciences","doi":"10.31073/mivg202301-361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31073/mivg202301-361","url":null,"abstract":"The practice of EU countries on the establishment of water tariffs for irrigation of agricultural crops and the procedures for recouping funds spent on water supply for irrigation is considered. As the main sources of information for the manuscript were noted publications and regulatory documents of Ukraine, reports of EU bodies, and the World Bank, in which a critical analysis of pricing practices in irrigated agriculture in EU countries for 2005-2023 was carried out. The grouping of information on the area of irrigated land, the level of return of funds spent on water supply, and attention is paid to a methodical approach to the development of tariffs for water transportation. The interpretation of the reasons for the natural character, which were guided by state management bodies when applying economic tools for irrigation management in their territories, are presented. For certain countries with big areas of irrigated land (Italy, France, Greece, Spain, Portugal, and Romania), significant achievements of tariff formation and reimbursement of funds have been determined. Aspects of water tariff formation, water accounting, development of water user associations, and taxation of water fees are disclosed. countries were classified according to water pricing, taking into account the state of water resources and melioration systems, types of tariffs, pricing mechanisms, the state of return of funds spent on water supply due to tariffs, measurement of water volumes, as well as solving additional problems of applying economic tools in irrigated agriculture – institutional (administrative, legal) measures, the impact of water charges on the country’s agricultural economy, etc. Since the requirements of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) are the dominant approach in the implementation of tariff formation in irrigation in EU countries, the level of achievement of indicators of the quality of WFD implementation by countries was considered. It has been established that the vast majority of global practices for forming tariffs for water supply services for irrigation, capital investments in reclamation infrastructure, and its maintenance, show that they are based both on national interests and on the interest of water users and organizations that provide logistical support.","PeriodicalId":298682,"journal":{"name":"Міжвідомчий тематичний науковий збірник \"Меліорація і водне господарство\"","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117325992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
М.І. Ромащенко, Р.В докт. техн. наук, Сайдак, В.П. Пантелеєв канд. с.-г. наук, С.Р докт. екон. наук, Госс, Іhor О Kovalenko, O. Zhuravlov
The temperature of the leaf surface of plants can be used as an indicator of the water stress of agricultural crops. Since plant temperature is affected by weather factors, it is usually expressed through the crop water stress index (CWSI). To calculate the CWSI, two input parameters must be known that relate plant temperature under and without maximum water stress to the water vapor pressure deficit. These basic equations are specific to each culture and locale. Many studies on the definition of CWSI and basic dependencies for tomatoes have been conducted abroad, such a study has not yet been conducted in Ukraine. The purpose of the research is to establish CWSI values and basic equations that are needed for the purpose of watering tomatoes in the south of Ukraine under subsurface drip irrigation. The paper presents the results of determining the theoretical and empirical water stress index of tomatoes under subsurface drip irrigation. The research results confirm that the water stress index can be used to plan the irrigation of tomatoes both independently and in combination with other methods to increase the accuracy of decision-making. An analysis of the daily dynamics of the CWSI was carried out, according to the results of which it was established that in the morning hours the water stress index on average during the observation period was almost 0, then, as the intensity of solar radiation increased, the CWSI also increased and reached its maximum value (1,08) at 20:00. The correlation coefficient between the water stress index and the intensity of solar radiation was 0,63. The relationship between irrigation rate, soil moisture, change in plant stem diameter, and CWSI was established, the correlation coefficients are -0,60, -0,55, and -0,51, respectively. Theoretical and imperial methods estimate CWSI equally, there is a high correlation between both methods (r=0,92). It is necessary to prescribe irrigation or increase the irrigation rate according to the theoretical and empirical methods of determining CWSI, respectively, for its values of 0,3 and -2,2. The empirical method of calculating CWSIE using the resulting equations is easier to use. The CWSI values obtained for tomatoes in this study are closely correlated with the other irrigation methods.
{"title":"USING THE WATER STRESS INDEX FOR TOMATO IRRIGATION CONTROL","authors":"М.І. Ромащенко, Р.В докт. техн. наук, Сайдак, В.П. Пантелеєв канд. с.-г. наук, С.Р докт. екон. наук, Госс, Іhor О Kovalenko, O. Zhuravlov","doi":"10.31073/mivg202301-358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31073/mivg202301-358","url":null,"abstract":"The temperature of the leaf surface of plants can be used as an indicator of the water stress of agricultural crops. Since plant temperature is affected by weather factors, it is usually expressed through the crop water stress index (CWSI). To calculate the CWSI, two input parameters must be known that relate plant temperature under and without maximum water stress to the water vapor pressure deficit. These basic equations are specific to each culture and locale. Many studies on the definition of CWSI and basic dependencies for tomatoes have been conducted abroad, such a study has not yet been conducted in Ukraine. The purpose of the research is to establish CWSI values and basic equations that are needed for the purpose of watering tomatoes in the south of Ukraine under subsurface drip irrigation. The paper presents the results of determining the theoretical and empirical water stress index of tomatoes under subsurface drip irrigation. The research results confirm that the water stress index can be used to plan the irrigation of tomatoes both independently and in combination with other methods to increase the accuracy of decision-making. An analysis of the daily dynamics of the CWSI was carried out, according to the results of which it was established that in the morning hours the water stress index on average during the observation period was almost 0, then, as the intensity of solar radiation increased, the CWSI also increased and reached its maximum value (1,08) at 20:00. The correlation coefficient between the water stress index and the intensity of solar radiation was 0,63. The relationship between irrigation rate, soil moisture, change in plant stem diameter, and CWSI was established, the correlation coefficients are -0,60, -0,55, and -0,51, respectively. Theoretical and imperial methods estimate CWSI equally, there is a high correlation between both methods (r=0,92). It is necessary to prescribe irrigation or increase the irrigation rate according to the theoretical and empirical methods of determining CWSI, respectively, for its values of 0,3 and -2,2. The empirical method of calculating CWSIE using the resulting equations is easier to use. The CWSI values obtained for tomatoes in this study are closely correlated with the other irrigation methods.","PeriodicalId":298682,"journal":{"name":"Міжвідомчий тематичний науковий збірник \"Меліорація і водне господарство\"","volume":"189 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114653708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article presents a review of publications on the actual problem of restoring the functional capacity of drainage systems, which in modern conditions of climate change and military aggression acquires special significance not only from the standpoint of the need to increase the productivity of drained lands, but also to ensure the water security of our country. The study of problems and setting of directions for restoration (reconstruction) of drainage systems in Ukraine and regions of the world was performed using bibliometric analysis. For analytical research, domestic and foreign literary sources of a 55-year period were studied, the main number of which falls on the period 2002-2022. The conducted analysis made it possible to determine the main directions that are considered when solving the problems of restoration (reconstruction) of drainage systems on agricultural lands worldwide and in Ukraine. Approaches to the operation, maintenance, and controlled decommissioning of drainage systems are based on the development of scenarios for the adaptation to climate change, therefore, the priority of the state policy in a number of countries is, first of all, the restoration of systems, which allows to ensure the adaptation of agricultural production to modern climate changes. Worldwide, the assessment of the reclamation fund is carried out constantly and the need for reconstruction and modernization of drainage systems is determined according to the design characteristics and technical condition also providing for the restoration of their water-regulating function. The basis for the reconstruction of drainage systems is the economic and technical justification of feasibility, the application of the progressive methods of drainage, the priority implementation of restoration measures in the areas of drainage systems, which are in working condition, and on the drained territories, where intensive and medium-intensity agricultural use of the drained lands is planned. The scientists' developments are aimed at creating economically viable technical options for the restoration (reconstruction) of drainage systems, which take into account the directions of their use and investment options for reconstruction. Studying the global experience of restoration (reconstruction) of drainage systems on agricultural lands and its use is important for the implementation of the provisions of the "Strategy of Irrigation and Drainage in Ukraine for the period until 2030".
{"title":"GENERAL ASPECTS OF RESTORATION (RECONSTRUCTION) OF DRAINAGE SYSTEMS ON AGRICULTURAL LANDS (REVIEW OF PUBLICATIONS)","authors":"H. Voropai, О. І. Kharlamov, V. Panteleiev","doi":"10.31073/mivg202301-359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31073/mivg202301-359","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents a review of publications on the actual problem of restoring the functional capacity of drainage systems, which in modern conditions of climate change and military aggression acquires special significance not only from the standpoint of the need to increase the productivity of drained lands, but also to ensure the water security of our country. The study of problems and setting of directions for restoration (reconstruction) of drainage systems in Ukraine and regions of the world was performed using bibliometric analysis. For analytical research, domestic and foreign literary sources of a 55-year period were studied, the main number of which falls on the period 2002-2022. The conducted analysis made it possible to determine the main directions that are considered when solving the problems of restoration (reconstruction) of drainage systems on agricultural lands worldwide and in Ukraine. Approaches to the operation, maintenance, and controlled decommissioning of drainage systems are based on the development of scenarios for the adaptation to climate change, therefore, the priority of the state policy in a number of countries is, first of all, the restoration of systems, which allows to ensure the adaptation of agricultural production to modern climate changes. Worldwide, the assessment of the reclamation fund is carried out constantly and the need for reconstruction and modernization of drainage systems is determined according to the design characteristics and technical condition also providing for the restoration of their water-regulating function. The basis for the reconstruction of drainage systems is the economic and technical justification of feasibility, the application of the progressive methods of drainage, the priority implementation of restoration measures in the areas of drainage systems, which are in working condition, and on the drained territories, where intensive and medium-intensity agricultural use of the drained lands is planned. The scientists' developments are aimed at creating economically viable technical options for the restoration (reconstruction) of drainage systems, which take into account the directions of their use and investment options for reconstruction. Studying the global experience of restoration (reconstruction) of drainage systems on agricultural lands and its use is important for the implementation of the provisions of the \"Strategy of Irrigation and Drainage in Ukraine for the period until 2030\".","PeriodicalId":298682,"journal":{"name":"Міжвідомчий тематичний науковий збірник \"Меліорація і водне господарство\"","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127891426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Tarariko, P. Pysarenko, R. Saidak, Y. Soroka, Z. V. Shcherbyna
The results of the research show that even today crop cultivation in the entire territory of the steppe and in a large part of the forest-steppe zone is carried out in conditions of a significant deficit of the climatic water balance, which necessitates a significant expansion of irrigation application as a mandatory element of the of highly efficient and sustainable cultivation technologies of the most of crops. Therefore, without active measures to adapt agricultural production to climate change, which is accompanied by a significant increase in the frequency and duration of drought events and, accordingly, a shortage of moisture supply, the restoration and development of irrigation remains the main factor in increasing the productivity of field crops. The research was conducted in the Eastern Forest Steppe zone. For the assessment and analysis of climate change, raw meteorological data for 1961-2020 were used. The data source is the Global Climate Monitoring (GCM) system developed by the Climate Research Group of the University of Seville. According to the results of the assessment of the dynamics of the average annual air temperature for 1961-2020, it was established that over the past 30 years the temperature has risen on average by 1.2oC, and since 1987 the rate of its growth is 0.79oC over the decade, while the annual amount of precipitation remains practically unchanged. It was established that the potential evapotranspiration increased by 70 mm and is almost 850 mm per year. With such a difference between precipitation and potential evapotranspiration, the deficit of the annual climatic water balance reaches on average almost 300 mm over the last 30 years, against 247 mm in 1961-1990, and the tendency to its increase persists. Simulation modeling of the economic efficiency of irrigation based on preliminary results indicates the efficiency of its implementation, and especially restoration on areas with existing reclamation infrastructure.
研究结果表明，即使在今天，整个草原地区和大部分森林草原地区的作物种植都是在气候水平衡严重不足的条件下进行的，这就需要大量扩大灌溉应用，作为大多数作物高效和可持续种植技术的强制性要素。因此，如果不采取积极措施使农业生产适应气候变化，干旱事件的频率和持续时间将显著增加，从而导致水分供应短缺，灌溉的恢复和发展仍然是提高大田作物生产力的主要因素。研究在东部森林草原带进行。为评估和分析气候变化，使用了1961-2020年的原始气象资料。数据来源为塞维利亚大学气候研究小组开发的全球气候监测(GCM)系统。根据1961—2020年的年平均气温动态评估结果，确定了近30 a气温平均上升1.2oC, 1987年以来的10年平均增增率为0.79oC，而年降水量基本保持不变。结果表明，潜在蒸散量增加了70 mm /年，接近850 mm /年。由于降水和潜在蒸散的差异，近30年来，年气候水平衡的赤字平均达到近300 mm，而1961-1990年为247 mm，并且其增加趋势持续存在。基于初步结果的灌溉经济效率模拟模型表明了其实施效率，特别是在已有开垦基础设施的地区恢复效率。
{"title":"DETERMINATION OF WATER DEMAND FOR IRRIGATION BASED ON THE CLIMATIC WATER BALANCE IN THE EASTERN FOREST STEPPE OF UKRAINE IN VIEW OF THE NATURAL WATER SUPPLY","authors":"Y. Tarariko, P. Pysarenko, R. Saidak, Y. Soroka, Z. V. Shcherbyna","doi":"10.31073/mivg202301-353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31073/mivg202301-353","url":null,"abstract":"The results of the research show that even today crop cultivation in the entire territory of the steppe and in a large part of the forest-steppe zone is carried out in conditions of a significant deficit of the climatic water balance, which necessitates a significant expansion of irrigation application as a mandatory element of the of highly efficient and sustainable cultivation technologies of the most of crops. Therefore, without active measures to adapt agricultural production to climate change, which is accompanied by a significant increase in the frequency and duration of drought events and, accordingly, a shortage of moisture supply, the restoration and development of irrigation remains the main factor in increasing the productivity of field crops. The research was conducted in the Eastern Forest Steppe zone. For the assessment and analysis of climate change, raw meteorological data for 1961-2020 were used. The data source is the Global Climate Monitoring (GCM) system developed by the Climate Research Group of the University of Seville. According to the results of the assessment of the dynamics of the average annual air temperature for 1961-2020, it was established that over the past 30 years the temperature has risen on average by 1.2oC, and since 1987 the rate of its growth is 0.79oC over the decade, while the annual amount of precipitation remains practically unchanged. It was established that the potential evapotranspiration increased by 70 mm and is almost 850 mm per year. With such a difference between precipitation and potential evapotranspiration, the deficit of the annual climatic water balance reaches on average almost 300 mm over the last 30 years, against 247 mm in 1961-1990, and the tendency to its increase persists. Simulation modeling of the economic efficiency of irrigation based on preliminary results indicates the efficiency of its implementation, and especially restoration on areas with existing reclamation infrastructure.","PeriodicalId":298682,"journal":{"name":"Міжвідомчий тематичний науковий збірник \"Меліорація і водне господарство\"","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133515773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper presents a new approach to improving the methods of design and calculation of drainage systems and their technical elements in the drainage mode and in the subsoil moistening mode. This was done on the basis of substantiating the connection of all technical elements of the system and taking into account the influence of their work efficiency on the effectiveness of regulating the water regime of drained lands. The existence and structure of the hierarchical and hydraulic relationship between the parameters of soil flow movement, the parameters of the closed collector-drainage network, and the parameters of canals and structures of drainage systems were determined based on the application of the system methodology. A physical model, a structural model, a mathematical model, and a hydraulic model of the drainage system were developed. By using these models, the principles of determining the parameters of the hydraulic characteristics of drainage or water supply (discharge, pressure, velocity etc.) for all elements (drained massif of reclaimed field, collector and drainage network, open canals of the network, main canal, water intake) in the entire range of variation with possible consideration of changes in slopes were obtained. The considered approach will make it possible to evaluate the efficiency of water flow movement simultaneously on every technical element and on the drainage system as their interconnection. In the future, this will make it possible to improve the methods of designing and calculating the technological and structural parameters of drainage systems, and thereby ensure the overall technical, technological, economic, and ecological efficiency of their functioning in accordance with modern conditions and requirements. This is a further improvement of the methods of design and calculation of drainage systems and their technical elements, taking into account the structural, hierarchical, and hydraulic relationship between them in accordance with modern conditions and requirements. This will make it possible to increase the validity and general technical, technological, ecological and economic efficiency of the creation and functioning of drainage systems during the implementation of adaptive measures regarding the changes in climatic conditions and the level of agricultural production in the area of drainage reclamation, for example, in Ukrainian Polissia. It will also provide an opportunity to ensure the necessary level of food security in the region and the country as a whole in the war and post-war periods.
{"title":"THE NECESSITY, SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL PRINCIPLES OF IMPROVING METHODS OF DRAINAGE SYSTEMS DESIGN AND CALCULATION","authors":"A. Rokochinskiy, P. Volk, L. Volk","doi":"10.31073/mivg202301-355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31073/mivg202301-355","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents a new approach to improving the methods of design and calculation of drainage systems and their technical elements in the drainage mode and in the subsoil moistening mode. This was done on the basis of substantiating the connection of all technical elements of the system and taking into account the influence of their work efficiency on the effectiveness of regulating the water regime of drained lands. The existence and structure of the hierarchical and hydraulic relationship between the parameters of soil flow movement, the parameters of the closed collector-drainage network, and the parameters of canals and structures of drainage systems were determined based on the application of the system methodology. A physical model, a structural model, a mathematical model, and a hydraulic model of the drainage system were developed. By using these models, the principles of determining the parameters of the hydraulic characteristics of drainage or water supply (discharge, pressure, velocity etc.) for all elements (drained massif of reclaimed field, collector and drainage network, open canals of the network, main canal, water intake) in the entire range of variation with possible consideration of changes in slopes were obtained. The considered approach will make it possible to evaluate the efficiency of water flow movement simultaneously on every technical element and on the drainage system as their interconnection. In the future, this will make it possible to improve the methods of designing and calculating the technological and structural parameters of drainage systems, and thereby ensure the overall technical, technological, economic, and ecological efficiency of their functioning in accordance with modern conditions and requirements. This is a further improvement of the methods of design and calculation of drainage systems and their technical elements, taking into account the structural, hierarchical, and hydraulic relationship between them in accordance with modern conditions and requirements. This will make it possible to increase the validity and general technical, technological, ecological and economic efficiency of the creation and functioning of drainage systems during the implementation of adaptive measures regarding the changes in climatic conditions and the level of agricultural production in the area of drainage reclamation, for example, in Ukrainian Polissia. It will also provide an opportunity to ensure the necessary level of food security in the region and the country as a whole in the war and post-war periods.","PeriodicalId":298682,"journal":{"name":"Міжвідомчий тематичний науковий збірник \"Меліорація і водне господарство\"","volume":"355 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115983923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Yatsiuk, Y. Mosiichuk, Ye. M. Matselyuk, A. B. Mosiichuk
A complex of issues was considered, namely: hydro-chemical pollution of catchment landscapes, bottom sediments of river basins and groundwater, slowing down of underground flow due to the regulation of the river network, regional development of flooding, presence of landscapes contaminated with radionuclides, and the growth of global climate change. All above as well as the ongoing war in the territory of Ukraine affect the conditions of the formation of the hydro-chemical regime and contribute to the changes in the quantitative and qualitative water indicators in the Dnipro River basin and the Dnipro reservoirs, as the main sources of water supply for Ukraine. The research determined the changes in the hydro-chemical regime of the surface water of the Dnipro reservoirs during 2016-2022 to specify the impact of climate change and anthropogenic factors on the drinking water supply. The dynamics of changes were analyzed for individual qualitative indicators of the surface water of the Dnipro reservoirs in the cold (January) and warm (July) months of the year. It was proven that the accumulation of flood water affects the mineralization of the Dnipro reservoirs along their longitudinal axis, and the mineralization rate and the content of the main ions are significantly affected by the water content of the year. It was established that, in the Dnipro reservoirs, the lower limit of mineralization relative to natural conditions increased by 55%, and the upper limit decreased by 30%. It was determined that despite the seasonal changes in the concentration of ions in the water of the Dnipro reservoirs, their ratio for each reservoir remains practically constant and only sometimes changes in the case of a shift in the carbonate balance and in the confluence of more mineralized waters, which increase the content of Mg2, Na+, K+, and SO42-. The predominant water cation is Ca2+, the anion is HСО3-, and the absolute and relative content of other ions is much smaller. The metamorphism of the water of the Dnipro reservoirs changed the ratio of ion concentrations, namely the relative amount of SO42-, Cl-, Na+, and K+ ions increased. The obtained results of changes in the quality indicators of surface water in the Dnipro reservoirs have proved the dependence of the formation of the hydro-chemical regime of the reservoirs on the impact of climate change, economic activity, and the consequences of military actions.
{"title":"ANALYSIS OF THE HYDROCHEMICAL REGIME OF THE DNIPRO RESERVOIRS","authors":"M. Yatsiuk, Y. Mosiichuk, Ye. M. Matselyuk, A. B. Mosiichuk","doi":"10.31073/mivg202301-354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31073/mivg202301-354","url":null,"abstract":"A complex of issues was considered, namely: hydro-chemical pollution of catchment landscapes, bottom sediments of river basins and groundwater, slowing down of underground flow due to the regulation of the river network, regional development of flooding, presence of landscapes contaminated with radionuclides, and the growth of global climate change. All above as well as the ongoing war in the territory of Ukraine affect the conditions of the formation of the hydro-chemical regime and contribute to the changes in the quantitative and qualitative water indicators in the Dnipro River basin and the Dnipro reservoirs, as the main sources of water supply for Ukraine. The research determined the changes in the hydro-chemical regime of the surface water of the Dnipro reservoirs during 2016-2022 to specify the impact of climate change and anthropogenic factors on the drinking water supply. The dynamics of changes were analyzed for individual qualitative indicators of the surface water of the Dnipro reservoirs in the cold (January) and warm (July) months of the year. It was proven that the accumulation of flood water affects the mineralization of the Dnipro reservoirs along their longitudinal axis, and the mineralization rate and the content of the main ions are significantly affected by the water content of the year. It was established that, in the Dnipro reservoirs, the lower limit of mineralization relative to natural conditions increased by 55%, and the upper limit decreased by 30%. It was determined that despite the seasonal changes in the concentration of ions in the water of the Dnipro reservoirs, their ratio for each reservoir remains practically constant and only sometimes changes in the case of a shift in the carbonate balance and in the confluence of more mineralized waters, which increase the content of Mg2, Na+, K+, and SO42-. The predominant water cation is Ca2+, the anion is HСО3-, and the absolute and relative content of other ions is much smaller. The metamorphism of the water of the Dnipro reservoirs changed the ratio of ion concentrations, namely the relative amount of SO42-, Cl-, Na+, and K+ ions increased. The obtained results of changes in the quality indicators of surface water in the Dnipro reservoirs have proved the dependence of the formation of the hydro-chemical regime of the reservoirs on the impact of climate change, economic activity, and the consequences of military actions.","PeriodicalId":298682,"journal":{"name":"Міжвідомчий тематичний науковий збірник \"Меліорація і водне господарство\"","volume":"389 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122780062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Global climate changes in many countries of the world lead to the need to use irrigation as a driving factor for obtaining guaranteed and stable harvests of agricultural crops. Irrigation with water of different quality leads not only to an increase in the yield, but also to a change in the salt composition of the soil. The change in the salt composition of soils occurs much faster during irrigation with mineralized water, which leads to the accumulation of soluble salts in the arable layer of the soil and the deterioration of the composition of the soil absorption complex. Accumulation of sodium ions leads to salinization of irrigated soils. It is possible to stop or suspend the salinization processes by introducing chemical melioration with calcium-containing meliorants. As an ameliorant in this work, the use of a by-product of the mineral fertilizers production – phosphogypsum, which contains a significant amount of calcium (up to 95%), replacing exchangeable sodium in the soil absorption complex is proposed. Our researches are related to the establishment of optimal calculation norms and terms of phosphogypsum application, their influence on the change in the components of the soil’s saline extract. The research was conducted on soils that had been irrigated with mineralized water from the Samara River (Ukraine) for a long time (over 50 years). According to the amount of exchangeable sodium, the soils of the experimental sites belonged to low-sodium soils with physical signs of salinization processes, and according to the content of toxic salts-moderately saline. For phosphogypsum in the soil-ameliorative conditions of the Northern Steppe of Ukraine, the ameliorative, agronomic, and ecologically safe rates of introduction in spring and autumn were calculated. The scheme of experiments provided options with sprinkler irrigation and without irrigation. The composition of the aqueous extract was determined by indicators of anion-cation content. During the research, a gradual decrease in the number of sulfates was observed: by 1.5% in the second year after exposure, and by 7.5% in the third year after exposure to phosphogypsum. The number of hydrocarbons decreased in irrigated areas where phosphogypsum was applied, and an increase in their content was observed in areas where irrigation was not carried out. Irrigation options were characterized by a significant increase in the content of chlorine ions, which is explained by the arrival of these ions exclusively with irrigation water. The degree of salinity was determined by pH and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR). Based on these indicators, it was established that the soils are slightly saline in all variants of the experiments. As a result of multi-year research, a positive effect of phosphogypsum melioration on the anion-cation composition of water extract and the degree of soils salinity irrigated with mineralized water for a long time was noted. According to the anionic composition, the chemistry
The article analyses the features of water consumption of sunflowers in short-term crop rotations. Presents the results of the 2020‒2021 research carried out in the experimental field of Kharkiv National Agrarian University named after V. V. Dokuchaev, located in the area of the Left Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The soil cover of the experimental field is represented by typical chernozem heavy loam on loess-like loam. Soil moisture was determined by gravimetric technique. Sunflower water consumption was calculated using the water balance method. The sunflower yield was recorded manually. The purpose of our research was to determine how short-term crop rotations with different sunflower saturation affect the formation of the soil water regime and the yield of the crop itself. The experimental design included five-field crop rotations with sunflower saturation of 0, 20, 40, and 60 %. The control in the experiment was a five-field crop rotation without sunflowers. It was determined that the yield of sunflower seeds depended on the variants and ranged from 3,21 to 3,57 t/ha. The increase in the share of sunflower in crop rotation was accompanied by a decrease in its yield, in particular, due to the deterioration of moisture supply. Soil moisture consumption was the highest in crop rotation with sunflower saturation of 60 % (2969 m3/ha). Against the background of reducing the share of sunflower to 40 and 20%, moisture consumption was 2713 and 2824 m3/ha. The water consumption coefficient was high due to an increase in the share of sunflowers in short-term crop rotations. It was determined that in crop rotation with sunflower saturation of 40 % the coefficient of water consumption was the lowest. At the same time, this variant has the highest yield of sunflower seeds (3,57 t/ha). Increasing the saturation of short-term crop rotations with sunflowers up to 60 % should occur under conditions of the high culture of agriculture. Therefore, ways of efficient use of soil moisture to increase the yield of sunflowers in short-term crop rotations are being developed.
本文分析了短期轮作中向日葵耗水的特点。介绍了在哈尔科夫国立农业大学(位于乌克兰左岸森林草原地区，以V. V. Dokuchaev命名)实验田进行的2020-2021年研究结果。试验田土壤覆盖层以典型黑钙质重壤土和类黄土壤土为主。用重量法测定土壤水分。采用水分平衡法计算向日葵耗水量。向日葵的产量是手工记录的。我们研究的目的是确定不同向日葵饱和度的短期作物轮作如何影响土壤水分状况的形成和作物本身的产量。试验设计包括向日葵饱和度分别为0%、20%、40%和60%的五田轮作。试验的对照是不种植向日葵的五块田轮作。结果表明，葵花籽的产量与品种有关，在3.21 ~ 3.57 t/ha之间。向日葵在轮作中所占份额的增加伴随着其产量的下降，特别是由于水分供应的恶化。轮作时土壤耗水最高，向日葵饱和60% (2969 m3/ha)。在向日葵占比降低到40%和20%的背景下，耗水量分别为2713和2824 m3/ha。由于向日葵在短期轮作中所占比例增加，耗水系数较高。结果表明，在向日葵饱和40%的轮作条件下，耗水系数最低。同时，该品种的葵花籽产量最高(3.57吨/公顷)。在农业高度栽培的条件下，应将向日葵短期轮作的饱和度提高到60%。因此，短期轮作中有效利用土壤水分提高向日葵产量的方法正在研究中。
{"title":"INFLUENCE OF SHORT-TERM CROP ROTATIONS WITH DIFFERENT PROPORTIONS OF SUNFLOWER ON SOIL WATER REGIME","authors":"Ph.D Z.O. Dehtiarova, Student","doi":"10.31073/mivg202301-349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31073/mivg202301-349","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyses the features of water consumption of sunflowers in short-term crop rotations. Presents the results of the 2020‒2021 research carried out in the experimental field of Kharkiv National Agrarian University named after V. V. Dokuchaev, located in the area of the Left Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The soil cover of the experimental field is represented by typical chernozem heavy loam on loess-like loam. Soil moisture was determined by gravimetric technique. Sunflower water consumption was calculated using the water balance method. The sunflower yield was recorded manually. The purpose of our research was to determine how short-term crop rotations with different sunflower saturation affect the formation of the soil water regime and the yield of the crop itself. The experimental design included five-field crop rotations with sunflower saturation of 0, 20, 40, and 60 %. The control in the experiment was a five-field crop rotation without sunflowers. It was determined that the yield of sunflower seeds depended on the variants and ranged from 3,21 to 3,57 t/ha. The increase in the share of sunflower in crop rotation was accompanied by a decrease in its yield, in particular, due to the deterioration of moisture supply. Soil moisture consumption was the highest in crop rotation with sunflower saturation of 60 % (2969 m3/ha). Against the background of reducing the share of sunflower to 40 and 20%, moisture consumption was 2713 and 2824 m3/ha. The water consumption coefficient was high due to an increase in the share of sunflowers in short-term crop rotations. It was determined that in crop rotation with sunflower saturation of 40 % the coefficient of water consumption was the lowest. At the same time, this variant has the highest yield of sunflower seeds (3,57 t/ha). Increasing the saturation of short-term crop rotations with sunflowers up to 60 % should occur under conditions of the high culture of agriculture. Therefore, ways of efficient use of soil moisture to increase the yield of sunflowers in short-term crop rotations are being developed.","PeriodicalId":298682,"journal":{"name":"Міжвідомчий тематичний науковий збірник \"Меліорація і водне господарство\"","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132542403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Romashchenko, A. Shevchenko, S. Shevchuk, I. Shevchenko, O. M. Kozytsky, R. P. Bozhenko
On the example of a separate agricultural farm located in the basin of the small Manzhelia River within the Left Bank Forest Steppe, the approaches to the selection of potential sources of irrigation and the specifics of determining the volumes of local water resources intended to be used for irrigation, as well as the areas of possible irrigation in the absence of existing irrigation systems, are given. The results of the research indicate that the prospects for the development of land irrigation on farmland can be mainly provided subject to the combined use of surface runoff accumulated in ponds on the Manzhelia River and groundwater admissible for extraction, taking into account their quality. It was determined that influenced by a complex of anthropogenic factors, the river runoff sharply decreased compared to natural conditions, and the feeding of river course ponds during the entire low water period occurs only due to lateral inflow. Based on calculations it was determined that in average and low-water years, the volumes of surface and ground inflow to the cascade of ponds for the period from June to September are smaller than evaporation losses. Under such conditions, the use of the river runoff for irrigation is possible only due to the accumulation of flood and, partially, high water runoff. The calculations of flood runoff volume for March - April at the gate of the lower pond indicate the impossibility of using water from it for irrigation in very low-water years, as well as the dependence of runoff use for irrigation in low-water years on the pre-flood filling level of the ponds. It was determined that up to 0.8 million m3 of water can be used for irrigation in medium-water years, and up to 1.4 million m3 in high-water years, which will provide irrigation on an area of 400 and 700 hectares, respectively (having an irrigation rate of 2000 m3/ha). The possibility of installing at least 40 water intake wells within the territory of the farm with a total flow rate of 20-24 thousand m3/day and a total water intake during the irrigation period of about 1.5 million m3 has been substantiated. This will make it possible to irrigate 750 hectares of land having an irrigation rate of 2000 m3/ha, and at least 1000 hectares having an irrigation rate of 1500 m3/ha. It is focused on the mandatory preliminary investigation of water quality for irrigation, which for many small rivers and aquifers is a limiting factor when using local water resources for the construction of irrigation systems.
{"title":"PROSPECTS AND PROBLEMS OF USING LOCAL WATER RESOURCES FOR IRRIGATION IN THE BASINS OF SMALL RIVERS OF THE FOREST-STEPPE OF UKRAINE","authors":"M. Romashchenko, A. Shevchenko, S. Shevchuk, I. Shevchenko, O. M. Kozytsky, R. P. Bozhenko","doi":"10.31073/mivg202301-351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31073/mivg202301-351","url":null,"abstract":"On the example of a separate agricultural farm located in the basin of the small Manzhelia River within the Left Bank Forest Steppe, the approaches to the selection of potential sources of irrigation and the specifics of determining the volumes of local water resources intended to be used for irrigation, as well as the areas of possible irrigation in the absence of existing irrigation systems, are given. The results of the research indicate that the prospects for the development of land irrigation on farmland can be mainly provided subject to the combined use of surface runoff accumulated in ponds on the Manzhelia River and groundwater admissible for extraction, taking into account their quality. It was determined that influenced by a complex of anthropogenic factors, the river runoff sharply decreased compared to natural conditions, and the feeding of river course ponds during the entire low water period occurs only due to lateral inflow. Based on calculations it was determined that in average and low-water years, the volumes of surface and ground inflow to the cascade of ponds for the period from June to September are smaller than evaporation losses. Under such conditions, the use of the river runoff for irrigation is possible only due to the accumulation of flood and, partially, high water runoff. The calculations of flood runoff volume for March - April at the gate of the lower pond indicate the impossibility of using water from it for irrigation in very low-water years, as well as the dependence of runoff use for irrigation in low-water years on the pre-flood filling level of the ponds. It was determined that up to 0.8 million m3 of water can be used for irrigation in medium-water years, and up to 1.4 million m3 in high-water years, which will provide irrigation on an area of 400 and 700 hectares, respectively (having an irrigation rate of 2000 m3/ha). The possibility of installing at least 40 water intake wells within the territory of the farm with a total flow rate of 20-24 thousand m3/day and a total water intake during the irrigation period of about 1.5 million m3 has been substantiated. This will make it possible to irrigate 750 hectares of land having an irrigation rate of 2000 m3/ha, and at least 1000 hectares having an irrigation rate of 1500 m3/ha. It is focused on the mandatory preliminary investigation of water quality for irrigation, which for many small rivers and aquifers is a limiting factor when using local water resources for the construction of irrigation systems.","PeriodicalId":298682,"journal":{"name":"Міжвідомчий тематичний науковий збірник \"Меліорація і водне господарство\"","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121518703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Didenko, S. S. Kolomiiets, A. Sardak, K. R. Islam, R. Reeder
Soil is the foundation of all-natural production systems. There is a necessity to study the management systems impact on soil functional properties and crop productivity in response to climate change effects. Our review was conducted using published databases of Ukrainian and worldwide peer-reviewed publications, including high-quality databases in Scopus, Web of Science, ResearchGate, Ukrainian specialized publications, and other web sources to evaluate the effects of tillage, with- and without cropping diversity, cover crops, and chemigation, on soil functional properties associated with soil health and crop productivity. Globally used different types of tillage practices (plowing vs. no-till) affect soil biology, nutrient cycling and organic matter accumulation, water, nutrient, and air ecosystems, changes in the soil structural and hydrological properties, and factors responsible for soil erosion and degradation were evaluated. The relevance of the research is appropriate due to global climate change and the transition of farmers converting from plowing to minimum tillage technologies, including no-till in order to achieve economic crop production with enhanced agroecosystem services. While both plowing and minimum tillage technologies have contrasting benefits and limitations, there is a lacking of consistent advantages of one tillage technology over the other one to support economic crop production, regenerate soil health, and enhance agroecosystem services. Currently, no-till technologies are increasingly adopted by farmers in Ukraine; however, farmers are looking for evidence-based knowledge and the government to remove roadblocks. The issue is increasingly becoming more relevant in connection with climate change effects, which require further studies.
土壤是全天然生产系统的基础。有必要研究应对气候变化的管理制度对土壤功能特性和作物生产力的影响。我们的综述是使用乌克兰和世界范围内同行评审出版物的公开数据库进行的，包括Scopus、Web of Science、ResearchGate、乌克兰专业出版物和其他网络资源的高质量数据库，以评估耕作对与土壤健康和作物生产力相关的土壤功能特性的影响，包括有无种植多样性、覆盖作物和化学处理。全球不同类型的耕作方式(翻耕与免耕)对土壤生物学、养分循环和有机质积累、水、养分和空气生态系统、土壤结构和水文特性的变化以及土壤侵蚀和退化的影响进行了评估。由于全球气候变化和农民从耕作转向最低限度耕作技术，包括免耕，以实现经济作物生产和增强农业生态系统服务，该研究的相关性是适当的。虽然翻耕和少耕技术都有不同的优点和局限性，但在支持经济作物生产、恢复土壤健康和增强农业生态系统服务方面，一种耕作技术缺乏相对于另一种耕作技术的一贯优势。目前，乌克兰农民越来越多地采用免耕技术;然而，农民正在寻求基于证据的知识和政府消除障碍。这个问题与气候变化的影响越来越相关，需要进一步的研究。
{"title":"TILLAGE EFFECTS ON SOIL FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES: A REVIEW","authors":"N. Didenko, S. S. Kolomiiets, A. Sardak, K. R. Islam, R. Reeder","doi":"10.31073/mivg202301-356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31073/mivg202301-356","url":null,"abstract":"Soil is the foundation of all-natural production systems. There is a necessity to study the management systems impact on soil functional properties and crop productivity in response to climate change effects. Our review was conducted using published databases of Ukrainian and worldwide peer-reviewed publications, including high-quality databases in Scopus, Web of Science, ResearchGate, Ukrainian specialized publications, and other web sources to evaluate the effects of tillage, with- and without cropping diversity, cover crops, and chemigation, on soil functional properties associated with soil health and crop productivity. Globally used different types of tillage practices (plowing vs. no-till) affect soil biology, nutrient cycling and organic matter accumulation, water, nutrient, and air ecosystems, changes in the soil structural and hydrological properties, and factors responsible for soil erosion and degradation were evaluated. The relevance of the research is appropriate due to global climate change and the transition of farmers converting from plowing to minimum tillage technologies, including no-till in order to achieve economic crop production with enhanced agroecosystem services. While both plowing and minimum tillage technologies have contrasting benefits and limitations, there is a lacking of consistent advantages of one tillage technology over the other one to support economic crop production, regenerate soil health, and enhance agroecosystem services. Currently, no-till technologies are increasingly adopted by farmers in Ukraine; however, farmers are looking for evidence-based knowledge and the government to remove roadblocks. The issue is increasingly becoming more relevant in connection with climate change effects, which require further studies.","PeriodicalId":298682,"journal":{"name":"Міжвідомчий тематичний науковий збірник \"Меліорація і водне господарство\"","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116707369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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