数学和统计方法在乌克兰个人福祉研究中的具体应用

Danylchenko T. V.
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摘要

近二十年来,在社会实践的要求下,个人幸福感得到了积极的研究。然而,它是一个极其复杂的多概念,难以验证。本文分析了乌克兰在过去五年中对个人幸福现象的研究中使用的数学和统计方法。首先,研究表明,国内出版物(特别是文章)对数理统计方法的重视程度不高。其次,个人幸福感研究的典型任务是原始数据描述、相似性研究(Student’s t检验、Mann-Whitney’s u检验、Kraskal-Wallace’s h检验、Wilcoxon’s t检验、ANOVA检验)和依赖性研究(Pearson’s相关系数、Spearman’s秩序相关系数)。第三,根据幸福感与其他心理现象之间关系的研究,相关分析仍然是近五年来主要的分析统计工具之一。由于福祉是一个高度复杂的系统,其特点是存在循环关系和非线性,因此重要的是使用协同范式和现代数据分析(数据挖掘)的数学和统计手段,这允许表征以模糊性和不确定性为特征的系统。第四,现代统计新方法的应用尚未广泛。在研究个人幸福现象时,在应用统计的框架内处理小型数据库的做法仍在继续。结构建模使确认多维幸福模型成为可能,但没有得到广泛推广。贝叶斯信任网络的应用前景很好,它基于主观概率的概念,因此它的重点不是研究客观现实,而是澄清个人对客观现实的看法。关键词:心理幸福感,数理统计分析,主观幸福感,建模,个人幸福感
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Specifics of application of mathematical and statistical methods in studies of personal well-being in Ukrain
Personal well-being has been actively studied over the past two decades regarding the social practice demands. However, it is an extremely complex multi-concept which is difficult to verify. The article analyzes the mathematical and statistical methods used in Ukrainian studies of the phenomenon of personal well-being over the past five years. Firstly, the study shows that in domestic publications (especially articles) the importance is not given to the mathematical and statistical methods. Secondly, typical tasks in the study of personal well-being are the description of primary data, the study of similarity (Student’s t-test, Mann-Whitney’s U-test, Kraskal-Wallace’s H-test, Wilcoxon’s T-test, ANOVA) and the study of dependencies (Pearson’s correlation coefficient, Spearman’s rank-order correlation coefficient). Thirdly, correlation analysis is still one of the main analysis statistical tools over the past five years according the study of the links between well-being and other psychological phenomena. Since well-being is a highly complex system characterized by the presence of recurrent relationships and nonlinearity, it is important to use the synergetic paradigm and modern mathematical and statistical means of data analysis (Data mining), which allow to characterize systems characterized by ambiguity and uncertainty. Fourthly, application of new modern statistical methods is not yet widespreaded. When studying the phenomenon of personal well-being, the practice of processing small databases within the framework of applied statistics continues. Structural modeling, which makes it possible to confirm multidimensional models of well-being, is not widespreaded. Application of Bayesian networks of trust is quite promising, which are based on the concept of subjective probability, thus it is focused not on the study of objective reality, but on clarifying the individual’s ideas about it. Key words: psychological well-being, mathematical and statistical analysis, subjective well-being, modeling, personal well-being.
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