Scientific approaches to the study of psychological safety in domestic and foreign research

In this article, the authors analyze and summarize the scientific approaches of foreign and domestic researchers on the problem of studying psychological safety. The need for security is an urgent need for a modern personality, a factor, a basic component that ensures the harmonious mental and physical development of a growing person. This problem acquires particular urgency during the period of the initial formation of the child’s personality, in connection with a change in the social situation of development, increased mental tension, and the appearance of direct threats to the child’s personal health. The authors of the article analyzed scientific approaches to such definitions as “security”, “psychological security”, “psychological health” in the writings of Western European philosophers of the 17th-18th centuries, German classical philosophy of the 19th century (T. Hobbes, D. Locke, J.J. Russo, B. Spinoza, I. Kant, G. Hegel, L. Feuerbach and others), in studies of representatives of psychoanalytic, behaviorist and humanistic theory. Of particular interest are the studies of modern domestic and foreign scientists, revealing the concept of "psychological safety" at the macrosocial, mesosocial, microsocial levels, the conditions of psychological safety of adolescents; the formation of psychological immunity as an important component that ensures a healthy mental state of a person in a situation of stress. Based on the analysis of philosophical, sociological psychological and pedagogical literature, the authors identified a number of unresolved issues in the study of psychological safety: the influence of the psychological parameters of the educational environment on the mental state of children, the study of the mechanisms of psychological safety, the development of psychological technologies for the work of a teacher-psychologist with the educational environment, etc. The results of the study will contribute to improving the efficiency and improving the modern system of psychological safety of the individual.