Research and Analysis of Knee Joint Prosthesis Design Based on 3D Simulation Technology Based on Computer Method

Knee joint was reconstructed and tibial plateau parameters were measured and to explore the difference of human evolutionary rhythm, to analyze the matching degree of imported knee prosthesis and Chinese tibial plateau osteotomy plane, and to analyze its influence on the design of knee prosthesis. 3D reconstruction refers to the establishment of mathematical models suitable for computer representation and processing of 3D objects, which is the basis of processing, operating and analyzing its properties under the computer environment. The basic research on the 3D structure of the knee joint is helpful for a more comprehensive understanding of the evolution of the human knee joint and the structural differences between people. In this study, 60 patients (120 knees) with non-knee diseases and 20 healthy volunteers (40 knees) were selected from the Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2018 to January 2020, including 46 males (92 knees) and 34 females (68 knees), aged 24-72 years, with an average age of 46.8 years. Bilateral knee CT scan and 3D reconstruction were performed, and 3d tibial images reconstructed were rotated and cut on HP Advantage Workstation 4.3 advanced image Workstation, and linear parameters such as transverse diameter and anteroposterior diameter of tibial plateau osteotomy surface were measured and calculated, and the differences of parameters between men and women were compared. Statistical analysis was performed. The matching degree of three imported components (depuy-PFC Sigma, Link-Gemini MK-II and Zimmer-Nexgen) with the Chinese tibial plateau tolerance surface was evaluated by using the 5mm tolerance range method. The matching rates were compared by χ2 test. The mean cross diameter of tibial plateau was (74.22±2.84)mm in 80 Chinese adults with 160 knees, and the difference was statistically significant (t=12.36, P < 0.01). The mean diameter was (48.15±2.58) mm, and the difference was statistically significant (t=9.48, P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in the matching rates between prosthesis A and B (χ2=1.027, P=0.184), but there were significant differences in the matching rates between prosthesis A and C (χ2= 8.050, P=0.003), and between prosthesis B and C (χ2= 14.672, P=0.000). There is a significant difference between Chinese and Caucasian in the normal bearing surface of tibial plateau. The matching degree between imported knee prosthesis and Chinese tibial plateau osteotomy is generally low. The tibial plateau section of Chinese is relatively round, which suggests that in the course of human evolution, Chinese walked from four limbs to upright earlier than Caucasians.