Signal modelling for ground moving target in complex image domain of multi-channel SAR

For along-track multi-channel synthetic aperture radar (SAR), this paper proposes a novel ground moving target signal model in the high-resolution complex image domain. It is shown that moving targets can be divided into three types according to the 2D motion distribution and the SPP approximation conditions. Moreover, a single target can be split into two targets in the image. All types of targets will have the same Doppler interferometric effect along multichannel images, which is decided by the target's ambiguous Doppler frequency. Furthermore, with our derived signal model, the complex image properties, i.e., amplitude reduction, azimuth shift, azimuth defocus, range blur, 2D slant, second-order phase modulation, split, interferometry and the effects of 2D accelerations are analyzed for airborne and spaceborne SAR, respectively. Finally, some experimental results are also provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed signal model and analysis.