Consensus of Uncertain Euler-Lagrange Multi-agent Systems under Switching Digraphs and Disturbances

This paper focuses on exploring the problem of achieving leader-follower consensus in uncertain Euler-Lagrange multi-agent systems, which are subjected to disturbance, and operate on switched digraph. To be more precise, the system dynamics are characterized by uncertainties that can be linearly parameterized, and the disturbances that are considered are those originating from the leader system. A novel adaptive distributed control strategy is proposed to overcome the difficulties of suppressing disturbances and achieving consistency under the condition of joint connectivity of switched digraphs. By using Lyapunov stability theory and the generalized Barbalat's lemma, it is proved that the uncertain Euler-Lagrange multi-agent systems achieves state consensus asymptotically with the proposed distributed adaptive control protocol. The efficacy of the adaptive distributed control strategy proposed in the paper is validated by presenting a case study involving a system composed of four double-link manipulators.