埃及fayum - Qasr El Sagha三角洲泥质沉积物地层约束柱体裂缝

M. Hammed
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引用次数: 1

摘要

通讯作者:Mohamed S. Hammed, Email: salehhammed@cu.edu.eg收稿日期:29/10/2021;本文报道了埃及fayum - Qasr El Sagha三角洲晚始新世泥质沉积物中壮观而独特的地层约束柱状裂缝。多边形裂缝被广泛认为是细粒沉积物脱水和同时收缩的同沉积构造。暴露可以看到沿大约2米高的柱廊柱的渐进裂缝生长。裂缝直径和裂缝孔径的增大与约束粘土厚度有良好的相关性。3 ~ 10cm粘土层以四角形裂缝为主,30cm >厚粘土层以六角形裂缝为主。在富含蒙脱石的粘土中,高频率、有序、几何均匀的断裂多边形发育较好。裂缝在胶态阶段表现为弯曲的延性粘土裂缝。在几米深的埋藏地层条件下,压裂发育。裂缝孔径沿渗透率较好的顶部和底部增大或减小。裂缝裂缝向顶部和底部砂土和淤泥方向的减小表明裂缝在胶体内部起裂,压裂过程中流体流动受限。裂缝充填体有两种性质:一种是注砂,另一种是沉积带有精致腹足类壳的松散层状砂。偶尔,粘土层会形成带有裂隙玫瑰花和细丝状复杂网络的圆顶和凹陷。轻微和间歇性的地震活动是导致脱水(漏水)和破裂的主要原因。该研究对具有相同地质条件的尼罗河三角洲地下非常规储层的评价具有一定的指导意义。
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Strata-bound Colonnade Fractures in Argillaceous Sediments of Qasr El Sagha Delta, Fayum-Egypt.
Correponding author: Mohamed S. Hammed, Email: salehhammed@cu.edu.eg Received: 29/10/2021; Accepted: 07/11/2021 DOI: 10.21608/egjg.2021.103322.1010 ©2021 National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC) THIS work reports spectacular and unique strata-bound columnar fractures in Late Eocene argillaceous sediments of Qasr El Sagha Delta, Fayum-Egypt. Polygonal fractures are widely distinguished as syn-sedimentary structures attributed to dewatering and simultaneous shrinkage of fine-grained sediments. Exposures permitted visualization of the progressive fracture growth along ca 2 meters high colonnade pillars. The increasing diameter and fracture apertures correlate well with the confined clay thickness. Tetragonal fractures are dominant in ca 3-10cm clay layers, while the hexagonal pattern is dominant in ca > 30cm thick clay beds. Fracture polygons of high frequency, order, and geometrical uniformity are better developed in montmorillonite-rich clays. Fractures have curved and en-passant patterns of ductile clay fracturing during the colloidal phase. Fracturing was developed in substrata conditions under few meters of burial sediments. Fracture apertures either increase or decrease toward the top and bottom layers of better permeability. A decrease of fracture apertures toward the top and bottom sand and silt indicates fracture initiation inside the colloid and limited fluid flows during fracturing. Fracture fills are of two natures: sand injection and deposition of unconsolidated laminated sands with delicate gastropod shells. Occasionally, clay layers form domes and sags with fracture rosettes and filamentous complex networks injected by sand. Mild and episodic seismicity was the main cause of dewatering (water escaping) and fracturing. This study might help during the evaluation of the subsurface non-conventional reservoirs in the Nile Delta, which underwent the same geological conditions.
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