Effects of Anxiety on Active Class Attitude in E-Learning: Analysis by considering learning strategy and willingness to learn

In this study, we clarified how anxiety during learning in e-learning affects active class attitude. Furthermore, we clarified mechanisms by which the causal relationship between anxiety and active class attitude. At that time, based on results of our previous studies and reviews of previous studies, we analyzed anxiety during learning and active class attitude in consideration of learning strategy and willingness to learn. As a result, we found that the higher anxiety of learner at the start of semester, the lower active class attitude and deep information processing at the end of semester. On the other hand, when willingness to learn is high, willingness to learn suppresses effects of anxiety, on the contrary, enhances active class attitude. Our study suggests that the causal relationship between anxiety and active class attitude is adjusted by willingness to learn. These findings obtained in this study can be evaluated as useful for maximizing learning effects in e-learning.