现代军事散文:体裁与风格类型学

N. Herasymenko
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摘要

本文在分析乌克兰现代军事散文的基础上,对乌克兰现代军事散文的类型学进行了探讨。根据作品的结构和功能特点,将其分为高级文学/大众文学/中级文学是合理的。第一种类型包括复杂的多维文本(典故、文学回忆、反讽、戏仿等),其行为主要发生在精神领域。英雄的特点是对社会进程和战争现实的理解(重要的是存在两种身份,“真正的乌克兰人”和“苏联人”);他们会反思自己的错误,并为应对新的挑战而转变。这些文本主要关注个人主体性的获得。他们需要一个受过训练的博学的读者,能够辨别作者多层次背后的叙述。大众文学包括以动作为主的作品,广泛使用射击、追逐、超人英雄、过度情感、三角恋等元素。冒险、军事侦探、情节剧和动作小说是目前最具代表性的。中间散文一方面将社会时事、人物演变、事件的逻辑连贯呈现(这是“高级文学”的特征)与情节和形象的简化、对人物心理的不关注以及大众文学的各种手段结合起来。当代乌克兰作家设法创造了一种大规模的文化话语,提供的作品涵盖了战争问题,其原因和后果,以及从不同角度和背景下的战争主题。
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MODERN MILITARY PROSE: GENRE AND STYLE TYPOLOGY
The paper deals with the typology of modern Ukrainian military prose based on the analysis of relevant novels. According to the structural and functional features of the works, it is reasonable to classify them using division into high/mass/intermediate literature. The first type includes complex and multidimensional texts (with allusions, literary reminiscences, irony, parody, etc.), and their action takes place mainly in a mental sphere. Heroes are characterized by understanding of social processes and war realities (significant is the presence of two identities, “properly Ukrainian” and “Soviet”); they rethink their mistakes and transform in response to new challenges. These texts are mostly focused on the acquisition of individual subjectivity. They require a trained erudite reader who can discern the writer’s narratives behind their multi-layered nature. Mass literature includes works where action dominates, and such elements as shooting, chase, superman hero, excessive emotions, love triangle, etc. are widely used. The adventure genre, military detective, melodrama, and action novel are currently most fully represented. Intermediate prose may combine, on the one hand, topical social issues, character evolution, logical and consistent presentation of events (as a feature of “high literature”) with a simplified plot and images, the lack of attention to the psychology of the characters, and various means of mass literature. Contemporary Ukrainian writers have managed to create a large-scale cultural discourse, offering works that cover the problem of war, its causes and consequences, and the topic of a person at war from different perspectives and contexts.
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