战争条件下个人的社会支持:乌克兰和国际经验

Liudmyla Piankivska
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摘要

本文强调了战争条件下个人的社会支持是影响个人的有力工具。正是因为该州正在进行一场战争,所以这个主题变得越来越重要。社会支持是一种复杂的现象,涉及军事行动中个人与社会环境相互作用的特点及其对社会环境影响的性质。本研究的目的是调查在战争条件下为个人提供社会支持的经验。为了达到目的并全面呈现所研究的主题,作者采用了一套相互关联的理论研究方法,包括分析综合、相互关系、建模、比较、系统化和科学来源的概括。个体的社会支持是多种形式的,具有“摊销性”,是人类行为应对策略的一种方式。它通常是围绕着个人的“自我概念”建立起来的,在战争期间,它支持着个人的心理平衡,并作为生存的资源。可以确定的是,在战争条件下,个人在微观层面上的社会支持是基于家庭和家庭成员,他们帮助克服创伤,表现出关怀和情感支持,是困难生活环境中的重要资源。来自朋友、邻居和同事的社会支持也很重要。研究表明,在战争期间,个人在中观层面的社会支持有助于维护个人的完整性、个人成长、自我实现和融入新的生活现实。本文从宏观层面阐述了社会支持的特点,并确立了社会支持在创伤后各个阶段的有效干预原则,是心理健康的衡量标准,促进个体的成长和恢复,并将其导向自我发展。这篇论文对于为战争受害者提供心理援助的心理学家、心理治疗师、社会服务专家、教师和志愿者了解社会支持对一个人心理健康的影响很有帮助
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Social Support of the Individual in War Conditions: Ukrainian and International Experience
The paper highlights the social support of the individual in war conditions as a powerful tool for influencing the individual. It is precisely because there is a war going on in the state that the subject matter is becoming increasingly relevant. Social support as a complex phenomenon concerns the peculiarities of interaction of the individual with the social environment and the nature of influence on it during military operations. The purpose of the study is to investigate the experience of providing social support to individuals in war conditions. In order to achieve the goal and comprehensively present the topic under study, the author relies on a set of interrelated theoretical research methods, including analysis and synthesis, interrelation, modelling, comparison, systematisation, and generalisation of scientific sources. It is stated that the social support of the individual is quite multiform, has an “amortisation” character, and acts as one of the styles of coping strategies of human behaviour. It is generally built around the “self-concept” of the individual, and during the war, it supports the psychological balance of the individual and acts as a resource for survival. It is determined that social support of the individual at the micro-level in war conditions is based on the family and family members who help to overcome trauma, show care and emotional support, and are a significant resource in difficult life circumstances. Social support for friends, neighbours, and colleagues is also important. It is revealed that social support of the individual at the meso-level during the war contributes to the preservation of the integrity of the individual, personal growth, self-actualisation, and integration into new realities of life. The paper describes the features of social support at the macro-level and establishes that in general, it acts as an effective principle of intervention at various stages after trauma, a measurement of mental health, promotes the growth and recovery of the individual, and directs it to self-development. The paper can be useful for psychologists, psychotherapists, social service specialists, teachers, and volunteers who provide psychological assistance to war victims to understand the impact of social support on a person’s mental health
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