繁荣安全童年的概念:本质、问题、给父母的建议

Светлана Ивановна Поздеева, Ирина Александровна Дроздецкая
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引用次数: 0

摘要

对理解童年的两种方法进行了比较:童年是为成年生活做准备,童年是一个独特而自我价值的阶段。每一种方法的起源都被证明是第一种方法的实现,在成人和儿童的互动中导致了完全的威权主义。第二种方法被认为是成功和安全童年的理论基础,可以被解释为主观和“参与”童年。孩子的自主性和活动与成人保护和保护孩子不受任何危险的需要之间存在问题。为父母制定了指导方针,将福利概念作为儿童生活中的自治和安全的共同组织。它们涉及有意识和负责任的选择、组织孩子们自己的行动、提供剂量援助和有效反馈的方面。两种不同的治疗方法的结合:作为成人和儿童的预演,作为一个人生命中的一个阶段的预演。在成人和儿童互动的过程中,这是对第一个approaches的介绍。第二阶段的基础是保护prosperous和safe childhood,为什么不能像subjective和involved childhood那样使用它呢?《成人的主要目标》是《行动与创造最好的教育环境》中的一个孩子。《独立与行动》中的问题是,孩子们需要一个保护人来保护他们。Methodological recomdations为学前班和学前班的孩子们提供了一种形式。《独立儿童行动组织》、《科技之家》、《学前班的诱惑》、《学前班的诱惑》和《学前班的诱惑》。The conclusion is made about The need to move from pedagogy stimulating to adulthood development to pedagogy that simultaneously enriches The development of The child and preserves The total authoritarianism from specifics of bezpritulnyj svit to The reverse and open联合action of an adult and a child both in The family and in an教育组织。
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The concept of a prosperous and safe childhood: the essence, problems, recommendations for parents
Делается сопоставительный анализ двух методологических подходов к пониманию детства: детство как подготовка к взрослой жизни и детство как уникальный и самоценный этап. Выделены первопричины появления каждого из подходов, доказано, что реализация первого ведет к тотальному авторитаризму во взаимодействии взрослых и детей. Обосновывается необходимость второго подхода как теоретической основы благополучного и безопасного детства, которое можно трактовать как субъектное и «вовлеченное» детство. Ставится проблема соотношения самостоятельности и активности ребенка с необходимостью взрослого защищать его и ограждать от любой опасности. Сформулированы методические рекомендации для родителей по реализации концепции благополучия как соорганизации автономности и безопасности в жизнедеятельности детей. Они касаются аспектов осознанного и ответственного выбора, организации самостоятельных действий детей, реализации дозированной помощи и эффективной обратной связи. A comparative analysis of two methodological approaches to understanding childhood is made: childhood as a preparation for adulthood and childhood as a unique and self-valuable stage in a person’s life. The root causes of the appearance of each of the approaches are highlighted, it is proved that the implementation of the first approach leads to total authoritarianism in the interaction of adults and children. The necessity of the second approach as a theoretical basis for a prosperous and safe childhood, which can be interpreted as a subjective and “involved childhood”, is substantiated. The main task of an adult is to involve a child in different types of activity and create the most saturated educational environment for his development. The problem of the correlation of independence and activity of the child with the need of an adult to protect guard against any danger is set. Methodological recommendations for parents of preschoolers and primary school children are formulated. These recommendations relate to aspects of conscious and responsible choice, the organization of independent actions of children, including when doing homework on a textbook, the implementation of dosed assistance and effective feedback from parents to children. The conclusion is made about the need to move from pedagogy stimulating to adulthood development to pedagogy that simultaneously enriches the development of the child and preserves the specifics of childhood, from total authoritarianism to the reversed and open joint action of an adult and a child both in the family and in an educational organization.
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