Adrenocortical Cancer

Adrenocortical cancer (ACC) is among the most aggressive endocrine tumours with an overall poor prognosis. Morbidity and mortality can be secondary to tumour-related steroid hormone excess and/or tumour growth and metastases. This potentially poor outcome explains why the early detection of adrenocortical malignancy is paramount for the investigation of adrenal masses, alongside exclusion of hormone excess. The diagnosis of adrenocortical carcinoma relies on careful investigations of clinical, endocrine, and imaging features before surgery, and histopathological examination after tumour removal. Appropriate management and follow-up by an expert multidisciplinary team is critical to improve prognosis and drive progress for this rare cancer.