基于疲劳试验的焦炭转炉包覆材料的建议

H. Nabeshima, Yasuhiko Shishido, Nobuhisa Kouno, Takushi Murakami
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摘要

焦炭桶通常在环境温度到500°C左右的温度范围内进行循环操作。一般来说,焦炭桶是由铬钼低合金钢作为基体金属和铁素体不锈钢(典型的410S型不锈钢(TP.410S))作为包层材料组成的复合板制成的。TP.410S包层材料用于防止硫化物腐蚀。沿着修复焊缝和TP.410S熔覆层之间的熔合线,焦炭桶在其周向焊缝的内表面经常显示主要裂纹。此外,在主要裂缝附近通常观察到一系列通常称为“象皮”的裂缝。到目前为止,已有多篇论文报道了这些裂缝,特别是在API技术报告934-G中,这些裂缝主要归因于每个运行周期中反复经历的热负荷所产生的热疲劳。当发现存在严重的裂缝时,用户被迫安排大规模的维修。采用TP.410S和625合金两种包层材料,模拟焦炭筒的周焊缝,进行了疲劳试验。为了延缓焦炭桶内壁开裂,总结了包层材料的基本性能,并根据试验结果提出了可用于焦炭桶的新型通用包层材料。
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A Proposal of Cladding Materials for Coke Drum Based on Fatigue Tests
Coke drums undergo cyclic operations typically in temperatures ranging from the ambient temperature to about 500°C. Generally, coke drums are fabricated from clad plates consisting of chromium-molybdenum low alloy steel as the base metal and ferritic stainless steel typically Type 410S stainless steel (TP.410S) as cladding material. TP.410S cladding material is used for protection against sulfide corrosion. Coke drums frequently display major cracking on the inside surface of their circumferential weld along the fusion line between restoration weld and the TP.410S cladding. Moreover, an array of cracks commonly referred to as “elephant skin” are typically observed proximity to the major cracks. These cracks have been reported by multiple papers, particularly in the API Technical Report 934-G, up to the present and primarily attributed to the thermal fatigue which occurs from the repeated thermal loads experienced during each operating cycle. When the existence of severe cracks is recognized, users are forced to schedule extensive repairs. The authors conducted fatigue tests employing coupons made from two kinds of cladding material, TP.410S and Alloy 625, which simulate the circumferential weld seam of coke drums. The paper summarizes the essential properties for the cladding material in order to delay cracking on the inside surface and proposes new common cladding materials which could be employed for coke drums based on test results.
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