青少年认同与自我观念的发展

Valentyna Vynar
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摘要

本文探讨了青少年认同和自我概念的心理现象及其形成和发展的特点。本文试图比较对身份概念的不同解释,考虑了身份的主要方面和类型。分析了国内外科学家研究身份形成问题的各种方法。对人格成熟时期同一性的形成与发展问题进行了科学的心理学分析。强调了人格个体发展过程中自我同一性形成的主要机制。提出了社会角色与个体特征(家庭、人际、个人-年龄、教育-专业、个人-公民、个人-个体)的研究结果,确定了个人身份类型的比例及其意识和接受程度。它表明,身份是一个人的个人发展的一个组成部分,一个人的“我”的自我意识和自决的结果。这些过程的结果是一个人对自己的看法的动态系统,对自己的行动、思想、感情、道德和兴趣、理想和行为动机的评估,对自己作为一个人的整体评估,他在生活中的位置,对包括在“我”范围内的一切事物的个人价值的感觉。研究这一概念的心理学基础对个体的自我发展、自我实现具有重要意义,有助于个体形成成熟的、后来的职业认同。
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DEVELOPMENT OF YOUTH IDENTITY AND I-CONCEPT
The article is devoted to the psychological phenomenon of identity and self-concept, the peculiarities of their formation and development in early youth. An attempt was made to compare different interpretations of the concept of identity, the main aspects and types of identity were considered. Various approaches of domestic and foreign scientists to the problem of identity formation are analysed. A psychological analysis of scientific approaches to the problem of the formation and development of identity during the period of personality maturation was carried out. The main mechanisms of the formation of self-identity in the process of ontogenetic development of the personality are highlighted. The results of the study of social roles and individual characteristics (family, interpersonal, individual-age, educational-professional, personal-civic, personal-individual) are presented, the ratio of types of personal identity and the level of awareness and acceptance of them are determined. It is shown that identity is an integral component of a person's personal development, the result of self-awareness and self-determination of one's "I". The result of these processes is a dynamic system of a person's ideas about himself, evaluations of his actions, thoughts, feelings, morality and interests, ideals and motives of behaviour, a holistic assessment of himself as a person, his place in life, a sense of the personal value of everything that is included in the sphere "I". The study of the psychological foundations of this concept is important for self-development, self-actualization of the individual, which contributes to the formation of a mature, and later professional identity of the individual.
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