极端微生物及其在生物修复中的应用

H. Pandey, Devendra N. Singh, Vinay Kumar Dhiman, V. K. Dhiman, D. Pandey
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引用次数: 0

摘要

生活在恶劣环境条件下的微生物称为嗜极微生物。这些不利的环境条件包括高盐度、毒素化合物、重金属、不利的温度、极酸和极碱性。原核生物的微生物包括真细菌和古细菌,它们在恶劣的环境中占优势。近年来,极端微生物,基本上是古细菌,因其在生物修复过程中的巨大潜力而被报道。生物修复是一种利用微生物分解有机和无机污染物的技术;人类活动是全球土壤污染、水污染和大气污染的根本原因。极端微生物能够产生耐热酶,即使在极端条件下也能正常工作。这些酶和蛋白质可用于极端pH、重金属胁迫和不利温度条件下的生物修复过程。在本章中,讨论了极端微生物在生物修复中的作用。
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Extremophiles and Their Application in Bioremediation
A microorganism dwelling in severe environmental conditions is termed an extremophile. These unfavorable environmental conditions include high salinity, toxin compounds, heavy metals, unfavorable temperature, and extremely acidic and alkaline pH. Microorganisms belonging to prokaryotes include true bacteria and archaea bacteria which prevail in harsh environments. In recent years, extremophilic, basically, archaea bacteria have been reported for their immense potential application in the bioremediation process. Bioremediation is a technique that utilizes microorganisms for the decomposition of organic and inorganic pollutants; anthropogenic activities are the basic cause of soil pollution, water pollution, and air pollution globally. Extremophiles are capable of producing enzymes that are thermolabile and can function normally even in extreme conditions. These enzymes and proteins can be utilized in the bioremediation process under extreme pH, heavy metal stress, and unfavorable temperature conditions. In this chapter, the role of extremophiles in bioremediation is discussed.
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