葡萄滴灌方式的生物能量效率

I. Shevchenko, N. Nikonchuk
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摘要

在现代水资源短缺的条件下,研究不同滴灌方式的能量评价,以减少灌溉用水、物质和能源的消耗,并在第聂伯河下游左岸沙质黑钙土上种植的灌溉葡萄种植园中有效利用,只有灌溉才能保证葡萄园的年持续高产。本研究的目的是研究葡萄滴灌制度的能源效率,确定资源成本的数量和结构,以及他们的回报水平。研究采用了现场法和比较计算法。根据研究案例的方法论进行实验的建立和实施。本文介绍了葡萄园滴灌方式的能源效率研究结果。研究表明,在植物生长季节,维持植物不受阻碍的水分供应需要额外付出9.29 GJ/ha的人为能量成本。在生长季节,活性土层更经济的湿度制度将能源成本降低到5.2-7.7 GJ/ha。无论种植的灌溉方式如何,额外能源成本的结构主要是灌溉水的能量占80%,能源载体占18%。本研究的现实意义在于对葡萄不同滴灌方式进行能量评估,减少灌溉用水、物力和能源的消耗,实现高效利用
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Bioenergetic efficiency of drip irrigation modes of grapes
In modern conditions of water scarcity, the research of the energy evaluation of different modes of drip irrigation to reduce the consumption of irrigation water, material and energy resources, their effective use on irrigated grape plantations cultivated on the sandy chernozems of the left bank of the Lower Dnieper, where only irrigation is the guarantee of annual, constant high yield of vineyards. The purpose of the research was to study the energy efficiency of grape drip irrigation regimes, determine the volume and structure of resource costs, and the level of their payback. Field and comparative-calculation methods were used during the research. The establishment and conduct of experiments were carried out according to the methodology of the research case. The paper presents the results of research on the energy efficiency of drip irrigation modes of grape plantations. It is established that maintaining an unhindered moisture supply to plants during the growing season is achieved by an additional cost of 9.29 GJ/ha of anthropogenic energy. A more economical regime of humidity of the active soil layer during the growing season reduces energy costs to 5.2-7.7 GJ/ha. The structure of additional energy costs, regardless of the irrigation regime of plantings, is dominated by the energy of irrigation water - 80% and energy carriers - 18 %. The practical significance of the research is to conduct an energy assessment of different modes of drip irrigation of grapes to reduce the consumption of irrigation water, material and energy resources and their efficient use
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