Minerals and Diabetes Mellitus

Minerals take an important role in electrolyte balance, preservation and maintenance of bone tissue, blood clotting, and regulation of nerve conduction as well as role as enzyme cofactor in various physiological reactions in metabolism. Circulating levels of a number of minerals, such as zinc, chromium, magnesium, manganese, selenium, may be an important predictor for diabetes, and their supplementation may have beneficial effects on the health status of diabetic individuals. Glucose homeostasis is provided by the control and coordination of insulin hormone secreted from beta cells of the pancreas. In the event that the insulin in the body cannot be produced or used, disruption of blood glucose homeostasis occurs and excessive excretion of some minerals from the body may occur. As a result of increased requirement with excessive excretion, in the glucose metabolism pathway, in beta-cell function and insulin signaling cascade may occur impairments and this occasion may contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications. The aim of this review evaluate the relationship between levels and/or supplement of minerals and diabetes mellitus. At this point we focus on zinc, copper, chromium, magnesium, manganese, copper, iron, selenium and vanadium. The results obtained from the studies show some differences in the relationship of body mineral level and diabetes mellitus. It also shows that mineral supplementation in the prevention or management of diabetes cannot provide sufficient evidence. In individuals who are at risk for diabetes and its complications, it is important to determine the level of mineral in circulation and the need for mineral supplements. Therefore, there is need for evidence supported by studies that require larger sample size and longer follow-up.