Energy-Efficient Algorithm for Cluster Formation and Cluster Head Selection for WSN

Advancements in sensors and actuator technology incorporated with data communication are enhancing the standards of control and automation areas for different applications. The Home area network (HAN) is based on IEEE 802.15.4 is considered for applications like Advanced metering infrastructure in Smart grid applications. In this paper, Wireless Sensor Network is considered for HAN. The sensor data is communicated to the sink via Cluster heads (CH). The work proposed in this paper is identifying a proper CH, among the available cluster nodes. Based on the above we are proposing a novel algorithm Energy-Efficient Algorithm for Cluster formation and Cluster Head selection (EEA-CFCHS) for heterogeneous WSN. The proposed methodology takes into account the energy degeneracy threshold value for all different kinds of nodes in a WSN network. Each CH and cluster nodes proceed to the following round based on the threshold value. Each round ends with a calculation of the CH residual energy. The network begins building a new cluster and electing a new CH, if the amount of energy left is less than the threshold value. The energy consumption is lowered as a result, and the stability period is greatly increased. In this algorithm, the simulation in MATLAB shows how to improve the network's lifetime. When compared to the ESRA and P-SEP protocols, the EEA-CFCHS for WSN improves the stability period by 42 %, 72% the network lifespan by 62%, and the network lifetime by 73.16%.