Breeding reserves for improving the efficiency of dairy farming

The article presents scientific research of breeding reserves for improving the economic efficiency of dairy cattle breeding. As a result of research at the enterprises of the Omsk region, it was found that with the improvement of the productive qualities of breeding animals, farms can receive an additional 144.84 tons of milk and 151 head of calves, for commodity enterprises the reserves are 572.205 tons of milk and 101 head of calves. In breeding reproducers, as a result of the First stage of return crossing and changes in the structure of the milking herd, the gross milk yield from the entire livestock for the full period of productive use of cows will increase by 221 tons and at the Second stage of crossing – by the same amount. All other things being equal, after two stages, the profit amount may increase by 4428 thousand rubles. A similar situation is predicted in commodity herds. According to the results of the return crossing at the end of First and Second stages, an increase in the gross milk yield from the entire livestock of 35.0 tons is expected. According to the forecast calculations, the change in the age composition of the herd of cows will have a positive impact on the economic efficiency of dairy farming in farms. In general, the return crossing on black-and-white cows up to 75% of the Holstein bloodline will increase the profit from the sale of milk by 108 thousand rubles, which proves the expediency for enterprises to use the studied crossing.