Optimum controls to avert co-infection of Malaria - COVID-19

Abstract With a major loss to human life due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, it has become a major challenge for malaria endemic countries to fight against malaria - COVID-19 coinfection. This paper formulates malaria - COVID-19 co-infection model governed by a set of non-linear ordinary differential equations. The two sub-models namely- malaria only and COVID-19 only are also studied. The local stability of the disease-free equilibrium point of each sub-model and co-infection model is established. Existence of endemic equilibria for each sub-model is carried out. Moreover, we extend our co-infection model by incorporating six-time dependent controls. Using Pontryagins maximum principle we compute necessary optimal conditions and also observe the effect of each control on co-infected population.